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VLIW machine with the goal of achieving a minimum number of cycles

Question-1 [Parallelism] [28 pts] This question has five parts [a through e]
Consider two threads, T1 and T2, with the following codes (‘$zero’ represents a register that is hardwired to value 0):
T1
my_again:
lw r2, 0(r1) lw r4, 4(r1) add r2, r2, r8 add r4, r4, r8 sw r2, 4(r1) sw r4, 0(r1) sub r1, r1, -4 bne r1, $zero, my_again:
T2
your_again: lw r2, 0(r1) add r2, r2, r9 sw r2, 0(r1) lw r4, 4(r1) add r4, r4, r9 sw r4, 4(r1) sub r1, r1, -12 bne r1, $zero, your_again:
Each of these threads is to be separately scheduled and executed on a two-slot VLIW machine with the goal of achieving a minimum number of cycles. A ‘bundle’ in this architecture has two instructions. The first of these instructions can be only an ALU or branch instruction, whereas the second one can be only a load or store instruction. You are allowed to reorder independent instructions and change the offset of addressing (if needed). You are not allowed to combine instructions.
(a) Map T1 to this VLIW machine. Explain each instruction-to-execution slot mapping decision you make in sufficient detail (i.e., why you have decided so; couldn’t instruction be scheduled in an earlier slot (cycle)?). [5 pts]
(b) Map T2 to this VLIW machine. Explain each instruction-to-execution slot mapping decision you make in sufficient detail (i.e., why you have decided so; couldn’t instruction be scheduled in an earlier slot (cycle)?). [5 pts]
(c) Repeat (a), but this time assuming that any instruction can be mapped to any execution slot. [5 pts]
(d) Repeat (b), but this time assuming that any instruction can be mapped to any execution slot. [5 pts]
(e) Suppose you decided to move to a simultaneous multi-threading architecture (SMT). The SMT architecture you are considering can execute up to 4 instructions in parallel. Further, in a given cycle, any combination of independent instructions (from the same or different threads) can be executed in parallel. Show a scheduling of these two threads together on the SMT machine with the goal of improving throughput. [8 pts]
Question-2 [Branch Prediction and Stalls] [21 pts] This question has five parts [a through e]
(a) Explain the functionalities of the following hardware components: BTB (Branch Target Buffer) and BHT (Branch History Table). Discuss how these two components complement each other. [2 pts]
(b) Consider a branch that has the following outcome pattern (T for taken, N for not taken).
N T N N T T T N N T T T N T N N
How many branches are predicted correctly with a static (0-bit) always-taken branch predictor for this branch outcome pattern. [5 pts]
(c) Using the same sequence from B. How many branches are predicted correctly with a dynamic 1-bit predictor where the initial state is Taken (T) for this branch outcome pattern? [5 pts]
(d) How many branches are predicted correctly with a dynamic, saturating counter 2-bit predictor for the branch outcome pattern in B? Suppose the four states are strong not taken (SN), weak not taken
(wn), weak taken (wt), and strong taken (ST). Assume that the initial prediction state is wt (weak taken).
[5 pts]
(e) What are the fundamental differences between ‘pipeline stall’ and ‘pipeline flush’? Provide examples to highlight what instructions will cause stall and what instructions will cause flush, and why. [4 pts]
Question-3 [Load/Store Queues] [25 pts] This question has three parts [a through c]
Consider the following sequence of instructions:
add r1,r6,r1 sw r1, 0(r12) lw r7, 8(r9) lw r6, -4(r10) lw r8, 4(r11) add r4,r6,r7 add r8,r8,r4 sw r8, 8(r9) lw r2, -8(r3)
(a ) Explain how ‘store queue’ can be used to improve/optimize the performance of this code sequence.
[8 pts]
(b) Discuss the relationship of the optimization in part (a) to ‘data forwarding’ (bypassing) used in pipelining. [7 pts]
(c) Explain how ‘load queue’ can be used to improve/optimize the performance of this code sequence [10 pts]
Question-4 [Hazards and Unrolling] [26 pts] This question has three parts [a through c]
(a) Identify all RAW, WAW and WAR dependencies in the loop shown below. Write down the dependencies within a ‘single iteration’ only. Use the following notation, for example, to indicate a dependency between Ix and Iy through r3 register: Ix- Iy (r3). (‘$zero’ represents a register that is hardwired to value 0, and ‘mul’ is opcode for multiplication): [8 pts]
loop:
I1: lw s1, 0(r1)
I2: mul s2, s1, s0
I3: add s3, s3, s2
I4: mul s2, s1, s1
I5: add s2, s2, s3
I6: sw s2, 0(r1)
I7: sub r1, r1, 8
I8: bne r1, $zero, loop
(b) Unroll the loop above once and eliminate as many dependences as you can via ‘register renaming’.
What dependences remain after renaming? Why can’t they be eliminated via renaming? [8 pts]
(c) Two important techniques have emerged recently for achieving high performance in processors. One is ‘speculative execution’, where instructions (or sequences of instructions) are executed before all the information needed to commit the instruction has been nailed down. The other is ‘simultaneous multithreading’ (SMT), where the processor can issue instructions from multiple threads (or processes), potentially in the same cycle. Describe the pros and cons of each approach with respect to the other. Do these approaches capture different opportunities for parallelism, or are they different ways to achieve the same result? If both were implemented in a single system, would you expect their projected improvements to be additive? Why or why not? [10 pts]

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Based on your readings thus far from the text and your own research, discuss disaster life cycles

 Based on your readings thus far from the text and your own research, discuss disaster life cycles. Discuss disaster tradition and theory. Finally, discuss the types of disaster research. 

400 words

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Describe the various transaction cycles, financial reporting, management reporting systems and e-commerce. (ULO 2)

Assessment Details and Submission Guidelines
Trimester T3 2019
Unit Code HI5019
Unit Title Strategic Information Systems for Business and Enterprise
Assessment Type Individual assignment
Assessment Title Case Study – Giant Eggplant
Purpose of the
assessment (with ULO Mapping) Students are required to:
· Describe the various transaction cycles, financial reporting, management reporting systems and e-commerce. (ULO 2)
· Understand the risks inherent in computer-based systems/ERP, including e
commerce, the role of ethics and the various internal control processes that need to be in place. (ULO 4)
· Appreciate the opportunities for computer fraud and the security measures in electronic commerce that need to be taken to overcome this. (ULO 5)
Weight 20% of the total assessments
Total Marks 20
Word limit Not more than 2,000 words
Due Date Week 8, Friday 5:00 pm (AEDT)
Submission Guidelines · All work must be submitted on Blackboard by the due date along with a completed Assignment Cover Page.
· The assignment must be in MS Word format, no spacing, 12-pt Arial font and 2 cm margins on all four sides of your page with appropriate section headings and page numbers.
· Reference sources must be cited in the text of the report, and listed appropriately at the end in a reference list using Harvard referencing style.
HI5019 Strategic Information Systems for Business and Enterprise Individual Assignment
Page 2 of 5
Assignment Specifications
Background
You are recently employed as an internal auditor at Giant Eggplant, a fruit and vegetable market in Rowville, Victoria. Giant Eggplant offers a range of agricultural, dairy and bakery products from local farms and bakeries. The company currently has 25 employees. These includes sales staff, store supervisors and administrative staff. The general manager of Giant Eggplant has recently noticed a decline in sales and profit while the purchases of products for resales continued to rise and you are commissioned to evaluate the company’s processes and procedures for revenue and expenditure cycles.
Revenue Cycle
Customers push their shopping carts to the checkout counter where a sales staff processes the sales. The company has five registers but they are not dedicated to specific sales staff because they play many roles in the day-to-day operations. In addition to checking out customers, sales staffs will stock shelves and perform other tasks as demand in various areas throughout the day. This fluid work demand makes the assignment of sales staffs to specific registers impractical.
At the beginning of the shift, a store supervisor collects five cash register drawers from the finance clerk in an office at the back of the market. The drawers contain $100 cash in coins and small bills (known as float) to enable the sales staffs to make change. The supervisor signs a log indicating that he/she has taken custody of the float and places the drawers into the respective cash registers.
Sales to customers are for cash and credit card. Credit card sales are performed in the usual way. The customers tap the credit card on the EFTPOS terminal located in front of the register and enter password if required. Receipts of the purchase and of the credited card transaction are provided to the customer after the completion of the transaction.
The majority of the sales are for cash. The sales staff receives the cash from the customer, makes changes and issues a receipt for the purchases.
At the end of the shift, the supervisor returns the cash registers drawers containing the cash and credit card receipts to the finance clerk and signs a log that he has handed in the cash drawers. The finance clerk later counts the cash and credit card sales. Using a stand-alone finance department computer, the clerk records the total sales amount in the sales journals and the general ledger Sales and Cash accounts. The finance clerk then prepares a deposit slip and delivers the cash to the local branch of the bank.
Expenditure Cycle
The expenditure cycle begins in the warehouse adjacent to the market where the inventory of non-perishable goods such as canned goods are kept. The company also maintain a one-day inventory of produce and other perishable products in the warehouse so sales staffs can quick restock the shelves when necessary. At close of business each evening, the warehouse clerk reviews the market shelves for items that need to be replenished. The clerk restocks the shelves and adjusts the electronic stock records accordingly from the warehouse computer. At this time, the clerk takes note of what needs to be reordered from the suppliers and prints purchase orders from the computer. Depending upon the nature of the product and urgency of the need, the clerk either mails the purchase order to the supplier or orders by phone. Phone orders are followed up by faxing the purchase order to the supplier. When the goods arrive from the vendor, the warehouse clerk reviews the packing slip,
HI5019 Strategic Information Systems for Business and Enterprise Individual Assignment
Page 3 of 5 restocks the warehouse shelves, and updates the stock records from the computer. At the end of the day, the clerk prepares a hard-copy purchases summary from the computer and sends it to the finance clerk for posting to general ledger.
The vendor’s invoice is sent to the accounting clerk. The clerk examines it for correctness and files it in a temporary file until it is due to be paid. The clerk reviews the temporary file daily looking for invoices to be paid. Using the accounting department computer, the clerk records all cheques in the electronic cheque register. The clerk then files the invoice and mails the cheque to the supplier. At the end of the day, the accounting clerk prints a hard-copy journal voucher from the computer, which summarise the day’s cash disbursements, and sends it to the finance clerk for posting to the general ledger.
Using the finance department computer, the finance clerk posts the journal voucher and purchases summary information to the appropriate general ledger accounts.
Required
Prepare a report to the general manager to evaluate the processes, risks and internal controls for Giant Eggplant’s revenue and expenditure cycle. In your report, you need to include the following items:
· Data flow diagram of revenue cycle
· Data flow diagram of expenditure cycle
· Analysis of physical internal control weaknesses in Giant Eggplant’s systems
· Description of IT controls that should be in place in Giant Eggplant’s systems
Assignment Structure
The report should include the following components:
· Assignment cover page clearly stating your name and student number
· A table of contents
· A brief introduction of what the report is about
· Body of the report with sections to answer the above issues and with appropriate section headings
· Conclusion
· List of references
The report should be grounded on relevant literature and all references must be properly cited and included in the reference list.
Marking criteria
Marking criteria Weighting
Data flow diagram of revenue cycle 2%
Data flow diagram of expenditure cycle 2%
Analysis of physical internal control weaknesses in Giant Eggplant’s systems 6%
Description of IT controls that should be in place in Giant Eggplant’s systems 6%
Presentation 2%
Research quality 2%
TOTAL Weight 20%
HI5019 Strategic Information Systems for Business and Enterprise Individual Assignment
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Marking Rubric
Excellent Very Good Good Satisfactory Unsatisfactory
Data flow diagram of revenue cycle
/2 Present a data flow diagram that correctly depict the whole revenue cycle. Present a data flow diagram that correctly depict the whole revenue cycle with minor errors. Present a data flow diagram that depict the revenue cycle with some errors and/or omissions. Present a data flow diagram that depict the revenue cycle with errors and/or omissions throughout the diagram. Present a data flow diagram that does not properly represent the revenue cycle.
Data flow diagram of expenditure cycle
/2 Present a data flow diagram that correctly depict the whole expenditure cycle. Present a data flow diagram that correctly depict the whole expenditure cycle with minor errors. Present a data flow diagram that depict the expenditure cycle with some errors and/or omissions. Present a data flow diagram that depict the expenditure cycle with errors and/or omissions throughout the diagram. Present a data flow diagram that does not properly represent the expenditure cycle.
Analysis of physical internal control weaknesses in Giant Eggplant’s systems
/6 Present an excellent analysis of internal control weakness in Giant Eggplant’s systems. Present a very good analysis of internal control weakness in Giant Eggplant’s systems. Present a good analysis of internal control weakness in Giant Eggplant’s systems. Present a reasonable analysis of internal control weakness in Giant Eggplant’s systems. Present a weak or inadequate analysis of internal control weakness in Giant Eggplant’s systems.
Description of IT controls that should be in place in Giant Eggplant’s systems
/6 Present an excellent discussion of IT controls that should be in place in Giant Eggplant’s systems. Present a very good discussion of IT controls that should be in place in Giant Eggplant’s systems.. Present a good discussion of IT controls that should be in place in Giant Eggplant’s systems. Present a reasonable discussion of IT controls that should be in place in Giant Eggplant’s systems. Present a weak or inadequate discussion of IT controls that should be in place in Giant Eggplant’s systems.
Page 5 of 5
Presentation Report included Report included Report included Report included Report lacked
all elements and all elements and all elements and most elements some elements
/2 was very well was well was generally and was and was poorly
presented. presented. presented adequately presented.
Writing flowed Writing flowed appropriately. presented. Writing often
clearly and clearly and Writing mostly Writing did not flow
sections were sections were flowed well and sometimes did clearly leaving
linked very linked sections were not flow clearly the paper to
effectively. effectively. linked. leaving the seem somewhat
Referencing was Referencing was Referencing was paper to seem disjointed.
exemplary. of a high in accordance disjointed in Referencing was
English was used standard. with guidelines. areas. not entirely in
very effectively English was used English was used Referencing was accordance with
and was error- effectively with effectively with somewhat in relevant
free. very few errors few errors accordance with guidelines. Basic
present. present. guidelines. Basic English was used with some errors present. English was used with errors present.
Research Quality An extensive A broad range of An adequate An adequate Little or no peer
amount of high- quality peer- range of peer- range of peer- reviewed journal
/2 quality evidence reviewed journal reviewed journal reviewed journal references were
from peer- references and references was references was included and
reviewed journal other sources included and included and these were
articles and was included used to support used to a basic rarely used to
other sources and used discussion. extent to support
was included effectively to support discussion
and used effectively to support discussion. support discussion. discussion. effectively.