Provide a 7 pages analysis while answering the following question: Health and Safety in Construction Sector. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required. The industry is pinpointed as one of the dangerous industries due to its organizational and structural challenges in managing the inherent risks and the intrinsically perilous nature of the tasks involved. Activities such as excavations, bridge erection, painting, residential construction, demolitions, and roadway paving are continuously causing over 65% of deaths in the construction industry. This devastating death toll is contributed by ungrounded machinery, electrocutions, falling from rooftops (contributes 15% of deaths in the industry annually), falling construction equipment, and collapses as well as inhalation of asbestos or silica dust. Oversimplification of this problem would not help in its management. concrete health and safety recommendations stipulated by various laws must be adhered to.
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The duties and responsibilities of maintaining and upholding health and safety in the construction lie with all the parties involved in the construction industry. All those involved in construction have a role to play in ensuring the safety of their health and safety and those of others. The laws governing construction works clearly stipulates the diverse roles and responsibilities of all the parties in engaging in construction (Commission of the European Communities, 1993). The director in a construction work carries the general responsibility for ensuring health and safety. Employers are required by the law to ensure the employee’s safety and welfare at work are observed. Additionally, the staff members also have duties to co-operate in meeting statutory expectations as defined by the health and safety at work act. In a nutshell, all the members of the CDM health and safety supply chain play critical roles in reducing risks at their risk in the workplace and those of other people.
Statement by Philip White that “employers are responsible for managing the health and safety risks faced by the employees, and educating them about these risks” is in line with the employees’ rights and safety responsibilities (CIOB contract, 2010. p. 44).Riyad Abdualmalek, Shambel Bereket, Maytham Boabbas and Yousef Alyaseen First year Civil Engineering – IDE Group 15 Health and Safety Introduction: This milestone will analyse the construction sequence method and the health and safety procedures that must need to be undertaken for the Salford Bike Centre scheme. A construction sequence is a process which involves different engineering methods and techniques. The construction sequence takes into consideration the temporary and permanent works of the construction process. The construction sequence must take into consideration, the facilities required for the employees as well as the safety procedures that are required be put into place while constructing the building. During the construction sequence, the manager of the site must ensure all needs of the employees and the safety procedures of both the public and employees are implemented before the start of the construction. Things such as resting cabins, restrooms, a wall or fence that will lock off the construction site off from the public and to have the required machinery and materials needed to construct the building. The construction sequence of the Salford Bike Centre will be made on SketchUp to show visual representation of the actual work that will be carried out. There will be health and safety procedures that will need to be implemented. Things such as risk assessments and method statements will be made to ensure all legal regulations and legislations such as the Health and Safety at work act 1974 are met. The manager of the site will have to ensure that all employees hired are fully trained and qualified for the respective jobs. The public will also need to be considered and all measures of control need to be met to ensure that if anything happens, they will not be held liable for any problems or accidents that may occur. 207 Riyad Abdualmalek, Shambel Bereket, Maytham Boabbas and Yousef Alyaseen First year Civil Engineering – IDE Group 15 What is a risk assessment? A risk assessment is a document which assess and identifies the risks that will be involved while carrying out a job. The whole point of a risk assessment is to identify and find solutions and control measures to reduce the risk of the hazards that may occur. For this construction sequence, there will be two risk assessments made, one for the site and one for the construction procedure. The risk assessment for both the site along with the construction processes and procedures has been done in this section. This section identifies the various risks associated with the construction along with the impact each of the identified risk has and the affected individuals due to the risk. Lastly, the control and prevention measures for the identified risks will be discussed to ensure that all risks, which can deter the constructions success and stability can be eliminated or prevented effectively. 208 Riyad Abdualmalek, Shambel Bereket, Maytham Boabbas and Yousef Alyaseen First year Civil Engineering – IDE Group 15 2.1 Site and construction risk assessment: Table 13 – Risk Assessment Task hazard Persons at risk Damage caused from Risk hazards. level Control measures New risk level Woking on Working at Workers and the All the workers suffering scaffolding Height persons around injuries from falling, the heighted tripping. workstation. (5,5) 25 Use of Personal Protective Equipment’s for all the workers in form of high grip boots, gloves, (3,4) 12 helmets, goggles, ropes, vacuum Pedestrians getting hit equipment’s for grips . from falling debris causing injuries and death. Use of scaffolding for all the workers to ensure that the site does not let falling debris hit any individual or pedestrian below. Delievery of Traffic Jams, Students, staff, High vehicular movement materilas congestion due pedestrian can lead to traffic jams at to vehicles the site along with can 221 (2,3) 6 Using only early morning time and late evening time for scheduling of all the activities pertaining to (1,2) 2 Riyad Abdualmalek, Shambel Bereket, Maytham Boabbas and Yousef Alyaseen First year Civil Engineering – IDE Group 15 and entering and cause accidents due to delivery and heavy vehicle equipment exiting the site heavy vehicular movement. movement at the site in Separate entry and exit points for University hours heavy vehicle, equipment and delivery vehicle movement. Use of warning signs across the entry and exit points for the site to protect the general public from any type of accidents by ensuring caution. Site security Unauthorized Contractors, Damage, theft, arson to access to the site manager, property. public members and students. (5,5) 25 Mishandling of wrong use of the property leading to workers suffering from accidents or injuries later. 222 Use of limited access via Biometrics and use of CCTVs and alarms along with motion sensors to be done for the site to ensure no illegal entry whether intentional or accidental can occur. (3,5) 15 Riyad Abdualmalek, Shambel Bereket, Maytham Boabbas and Yousef Alyaseen First year Civil Engineering – IDE Group 15 Warning signs for restricted access to be put around the fence of the site and all doors and windows as well just to be sure that no illegal access can occur at the site location. Waste Waste managment Segregation and disposal from the site Workers, Improper disposal of students and waste can lead to staff diseases, infections and (3,5) 15 Waste bins to be installed at all workstations, large waste disposal containers for extra waste can lead to polluting the material to be placed at the site local environment as well and all waste to be collected and placed near the waste collection point to ensure daily waste removal from the site can effectively occur. 223 (1,5) 5 Riyad Abdualmalek, Shambel Bereket, Maytham Boabbas and Yousef Alyaseen First year Civil Engineering – IDE Group 15 Toxic Air pollution All workers, Saw dust, steel and neighborhood aluminum remains, brick pollutants present along pieces and dust. released to the the site location fumes/waste through atmosphere (4,4) 16 Use of silencers on heavy equipments and vehicles. Only operating the equipments and (2,4) 8 vehicles on weekends and not on Noise pollution through weekdays when the university heavy machinery, remains closed. vehicles and equipments. Covering the entire construction area with a large tent for the workstations that will dissipate the dust and control in to the location only which can later to washed. Electrical Electrica All workers or Workers tripping and equipment electruation and employees falling on any open debris and fires. entering the site at the site leading to location 224 (4,5) 20 No materials to be dispersed and (2,5) kept scattered and all material needed must be collected and 10 Riyad Abdualmalek, Shambel Bereket, Maytham Boabbas and Yousef Alyaseen First year Civil Engineering – IDE Group 15 electrical injuries, fractures or even confined to the work stations only installation death of Workers and not to the pathways. Pathways must be kept clear at all times to ensure that the tripping or falling of employees can be prevented. Pipeline Flood Risk at the All workers and Building strength might instalaltion site users during the get compromised due to operational flood water entering the phases of the facility building (3,4) 12 Use of retaining walls around the site to be done. All the electrical and communication installations to be Flood water destroying done at a height above the flood the property substantially level. and causing damage to both life and property Use of water proof interior and exterior materials to be done for the site location. 225 (2,4) 8 Riyad Abdualmalek, Shambel Bereket, Maytham Boabbas and Yousef Alyaseen First year Civil Engineering – IDE Group 15 Lifting Equipment falling Workers, staff Lifting operations may operation down. and cause physical problems Workers being for employees overtime. (5,5) 25 Ensure allways of the employess are notified with the risks of not carrying out lifting operations correctly. crushed. All employees must be trained. While constructing, lifting machines must be maintained and checked up on a regular basis to aviod accidnets from occuring. 226 (2,5) 10 Riyad Abdualmalek, Shambel Bereket, Maytham Boabbas and Yousef Alyaseen First year Civil Engineering – IDE Group 15 Constructions phases: The construction Sequence for the Salford Bike Centre will be conducted in 5 phases in the form of the Initial Project Definition phase, Project Planning and Design phase, Contracting Phase, Construction Phase and lastly the Move-in or Ready for use Phase. 4.1 Phase 1: Initial Project Definition: The phase will initiate with the University passing and approving the project for the construction of the Salford Bike Centre and then the establishment of the entire project accounting records, the space analysis, costing study along with the scheduling planning shall occur. The phase will also witness the preliminary funding plan along with the review pertaining to the scope of the project. 4.2 Phase 2: Project Planning and Design: The designing of the Centre will be done keeping the design aligned with the regulations and laws pertaining to design and construction and with the safety and health regulation in UK. The schematic design phase along with the specification shall occur during this phase. 4.3 Phase 3: Contracting Phase: The phase will involve the University officials and representative discussing on the validity of the bidders for the construction work and then evaluating their bids to ascertain the best bid for the construction. Also, the final contractor to whom the contract needs to be awarded will be finalized and awarded the contract based on the costing, labour, time and experience for the project. 4.4 Phase 4: Construction Phase: During this phase the issuance of the notice for proceeding will be given to the contractor and then the establishment of the construction schedule will be done, and each activity will start to commence as per the stipulated timeline finalized. Monitoring of all the construction will also be done to ascertain whether the timeline 225 Riyad Abdualmalek, Shambel Bereket, Maytham Boabbas and Yousef Alyaseen First year Civil Engineering – IDE Group 15 for the activities is being followed and whether any changes are needed in terms of resource allocation, time allocation or labour allocation to any activity which is lagging in terms of its schedule or whether any changes are necessitated in terms of the working or design. Lastly conducting the inspection, punch list for the activities of the project for its successful completion is to be done. 4.5 Phase 5: Move in and post Construction: The final schedule of installation of equipment’s, furniture will be carried out and installation of communication lines, IT equipment’s will be done for the Centre and the post construction activity will involve coordinating efforts pertaining to any warranty problems in the construction regarding any faulty materials installed or equipment faltering. Conducting the final warranty inspections after 11 months of the construction completion to ensure that the construction has been successfully done and implemented will be carried out for the Salford Bike Centre. 226 Riyad Abdualmalek, Shambel Bereket, Maytham Boabbas and Yousef Alyaseen First year Civil Engineering – IDE Group 15 Detailed explanation of phase 4 (construction phase): All visual represenations will be shown via screenshots of the Sketchup designs. 5.1 Health and safety precautions and setting up of site: This part involves the installation of restrooms and cabins on the site for the employess that will carry out the construction work. A wall or fence will have to be made to lock of the area from the public and signs will need to be put up to identify that work is in place and that the site is not for public entry. Figure 97 – Cabins and fencing 5.2 Machinery: The machinery required will have to be transported to the location. The machinery will ahev to kept safe overnight and will need regular maintenance checks to aviod any accidents that may occur during the activities. Figure 98 – Machinery 227 Riyad Abdualmalek, Shambel Bereket, Maytham Boabbas and Yousef Alyaseen First year Civil Engineering – IDE Group 15 5.3 Excavation: Excavation is one of the most important steps of the construction sequence. the excavation procedure allows for the foundations to be put into place to support the building. The excavtion procedure will be carried out by a fully skilled and qualified excavator. The excavated area has to be level and carried out correctly and to a professional standard to aviod any problems as the construction process develops. All of the excavated soils have to be disposed of correctly or reused. Figure 99 – Excavation 228 Riyad Abdualmalek, Shambel Bereket, Maytham Boabbas and Yousef Alyaseen First year Civil Engineering – IDE Group 15 5.4 Foundations placement: This part will involve the placement of the foundations. This procedure is very important and must be carried out by competent engineers. This is because the foundations transfer the applied forces that will be applied on the building away from the bulidng to keep it stable and safe for use. Figure 100 – Foundations 5.5 Column placement: The following procedure is the placement of the columns on top of the already placed foundations. This process is very dangerous and requires care and time. Figure 101 – Columns 229 Riyad Abdualmalek, Shambel Bereket, Maytham Boabbas and Yousef Alyaseen First year Civil Engineering – IDE Group 15 5.6 Beam placements: The final part of the structrual construction is the placement of the primary and secondary beams that will be connected to the columns. Figure 102 – Beams 230 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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