Developmental History of Pat: Pat reports that there were no complications, to her knowledge, with her mother’s pregnancy or delivery. Pat was born after a traditional full-term gestation. However, she said, “The doctor said nothing went wrong with my delivery, but from the beginning there was something wrong with my leg. I did not walk on my own until I was 3 because of what they called ‘under-developed legs.’ I had orthotics and a lot of rehab therapy, and now I am fine with my legs.” Pat reported that her mom told her she stayed in her crib because of her walking difficulties. When she got the orthotics she walked awkwardly so she often just sat in the middle of the room instead of exploring her surroundings. Pat spoke her first words by age 1 and began forming sentences by age 2. She was potty-trained at the age of 4. As Pat is telling you about her developmental history, she pauses and says, “You know, we never talked about how I got along with my family. I was never close to anyone in my family. My dad left when I was 7, and he was just never there for me. My mom tried, but she was always working and then she got sick, and she was never there for me either. My siblings bolted the house as soon as they turned 16, and I have never been close to them either. My mom and dad fought a lot before he left, and I think us kids all were scared of them a bit.” Health Information: Pat denied having had surgery or allergies. However, she said, “I’ll probably die from smoking. I have smoked a pack a day since I was 13.” When asked whether she has previously been hospitalized, Pat said, “I have. I do not want to talk about it yet. As I get to know you, maybe we can go there. All I will tell you now is that I was in the hospital several times, and the last one was when I was 31. I do not think my health is relevant.” As you progress through the week, reflect on the introductory information you have a bout Pat and ponder what her attachments with others throughout her life may be like
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Psychology: Understanding Pat Using Social Psychology Research
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Application of Cognitive Dissonance Research to Pat’s Case
Human beings are social beings and they live by interacting with their friends, relatives and workmates. However, the individuals in the social group can easily influence an individual behavior, beliefs and attitudes (Myers, 2014) . The idea of social influence can result in conformity or reactance. The cognitive dissonance, explains the situation where an individual attitudes, behaviors and beliefs are in conflict. When an individual experiences such a situation, one is motivated to reduce the effects of dissonance, by changing his/her cognitions. Pat’s case provides a unique situation, in which her interaction with the environment has played in shaping her behaviour, which can be explained using the cognitive dissonance.
Cognitive Dissonance and Pat’s Case
Firstly, Pat beliefs that by taking her time to smoke and arriving when she deems right are the best ways for her. Her inner cognitions are that she can smoke anytime she wants and arrive whenever she feels to because after all she has a right of doing so. Her personal beliefs are so strong that she responds by developing ways that contradict the set rules and thus ensuring that her behavior matches the inner cognitions. That is why she does get to work early and smokes without worrying about times, since they represent behaviors that conform to her inner cognitions. Her behavior is a display of high cognitive dissonance. In contrast, in the case of her performance in a group and when alone, the source of conflict arises from her inner belief that productivity arises from group work, contrary to the individual job performance. Therefore, she reacts in order to conform to her inner cognitions, by adjusting and giving all her efforts in a group and thus performing better. However, in the situations in which she works on her own, her inner cognitions are clear that productivity can be achieved through group work. For her to achieve………………………..
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