Introduction
In 2006, the 130-year-old American Association on Mental Retardation changed its name to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities because it recognized that within the culture of its membership opinion toward the term mental retardation had turned negative. In its press release, an official noted, “This new name is an idea whose time has come. Individuals with disabilities and family members do not like the term mental retardation and their advocacy is encouraging political and social change at national, state, and local levels. Our members demanded that we keep up with [the] times and they voted for this name change” (American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2006).
Like the disabilities field, the field of addictions also relies on terms and labels to diagnose, treat, and intervene. One precaution in working in the field is to understand the controversy surrounding labeling, the effect of labeling on clients, and the influence of cultural context on labels. A consideration affecting assessment and treatment is the underlying model used to inform processes.
This week, you examine the implications of labeling in addictions assessment, and you explore the relationship between addiction models and assessment processes.
Objectives
Students will:
- Analyze implications of labeling in the addictions assessment process
- Analyze influences of cultural context on labeling in the addictions assessment process
- Analyze the relationship between models of addiction and assessment processes
- Evaluate controversies associated with models of addiction
Required Resources
| Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus. |
Readings
- Gordis, E. (2009). Contributions of behavioral science to alcohol research: Understanding who is at risk and why. In G. A. Marlatt, & K. Witkiewitz (Eds.), Addictive behaviors: New readings on etiology, prevention, and treatment (pp. 19–32). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Addictive Behaviors: New Readings on Etiology, Prevention, and Treatment, 1st Edition by Marlatt, G. & Witkiewitz, K. Copyright 2008 by American Psychological Association. Reprinted by permission of American Psychological Association via the Copyright Clearance Center.
For your Assignment, focus on thevarious hypotheses that describe why some individuals develop addictions and how certain age groupings are affected by alcohol. - Miller, G. (2010). Learning the language of addiction counseling. New York, NY: Wiley.
Learning the Language of Addiction Counseling [Third Edition] by Gerri Miller. Copyright 2012 by John Wiley and Sons – Books. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley and Sons – Books via the Copyright Clearance Center- Chapter 1, “Introduction”
For your Assignment, focus on the various models of addiction and how they might relate to assessment.
- Chapter 1, “Introduction”
- Allamani, A. (2008). Views and models about addiction: Differences between treatments for alcohol-dependent people and for illicit drug consumers in Italy. Substance Use & Misuse, 43(12/13), 1704–1728.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
Focus on the cultural context surrounding substance abuse and dependence and gambling. - Kroska, A., & Harkness, S. K. (2008). Exploring the role of diagnosis in the modified labeling theory of mental illness. Social Psychology Quarterly, 71(2), 193–208.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
Focus on the concept of consequences of labeling to the individual. Though this article is focused on mental illness, the concepts apply to the field of addictions. - Richard, A. J., Trevino, R. A., Baker, M., & Valdez, J. (2010). Negative reflected appraisal, negative self-perception, and drug use intentions in a sample of suburban high school students. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 19(3), 193–209.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
Focus on how labeling might affect adolescents. - Van der Aa, N., Overbeek, G., Engels, R. C. M. E., Scholte, R. H. J., Meerkerk, G-J.,& den Eijnden, R. J. J. M. (2009). Daily and compulsive internet use and well-being in adolescence: A diathesis-stress model based on Big Five personality traits. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 38(6), 765-776.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
For your Assignment, focus on how the diathesis-stress model is applied in assessing Internet addiction in adolescents. Pay particular attention to how this model was incorporated into the assessment of Dutch adolescents in order to study their behavior.
- Young, R. S., & Joe, J. R. (2009).Some thoughts about the epidemiology of alcohol and drug use among American Indian/Alaska Native populations. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 8(3), 223–241.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
Focus on the cultural context of alcoholism in the Indian/Alaska Native populations. How might such labels as alcoholic and drinker differ in these populations as opposed to a different population in the United States? - Addiction Treatment Magazine. (2011). New definition of addiction causing controversy among doctors. Retrieved from http://www.addictiontreatmentmagazine.com/addiction/new-definition-addiction-controversy/
Focus on how the new definition of addiction differs from definitions of years past. Why would this new definition be controversial? How would it affect treatment and practices?
Optional Resources
- Hamlin, J. (n.d.). Labelling theory (social reaction theory). Unpublished manuscript, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Minnesota-Duluth. Retrieved November 25, 2013, from http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/jhamlin/2311/Labeling%20Theory.pdf
Application: Models of Addiction and the Assessment Process
Several models are prominent in the field of addictions; these models include the medical model, moral model, and the biopsychosocial model. A particular model advocated by an addictions professional will influence the professional’s choices of assessment methods and treatment of addiction.
To prepare:
- Consider the following definition of addiction by Michael Miller, M.D., former president of the American Society of Addiction Medicine: “At its core, addiction is not just a social problem or a moral problem or a criminal problem. It is a brain problem whose behaviors manifest in all these others areas…The disease is about brains, not drugs. It is about underlying neurology, not outward actions” (Addiction Treatment Magazine, 2011).
Assignment Directions:
- Review the article, “New Definition of Addiction Causing Controversy Among Doctors.”
- Research two articles that support or refute this position.
- Examine Miller’s statement and, based on your research, identify which model it reflects and the implications for the assessment process.
Submit by Day 7 a 2- to 4-page paper that includes the following:
- A brief description of the articles you chose and an explanation of their significance to Miller’s definition
- An explanation of the model reflected in Miller’s statement and its implications for the assessment process
- An explanation of the controversy that exists between models of addiction and their effects on assessment
- An explanation of the relationship between the models of addiction and assessment processes
Cite your sources using APA guidelines.
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Psychology: Models of Addiction and the Assessment Process
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A Review of “New Definition of Addiction Causing Controversy among Doctors”
The increased attention that the gravity of addiction has posed for many years, has led to redefinition of the approaches to its treatment. According (Addiction Treatment Magazine, 2011) Dr. Miller, former president of the American Society of Addiction Medicine, addiction is a brain disease. In order to validate his claims, the paper undertakes a review of two articles that either support of dismiss Miller’s claims.
Drug addiction. Is it a disease or is it based on choice? A review of Gene Heyman’s addiction: A disorder of choice. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 95(2), 263–267.
Authored by Gene Heyman and reviewed by Branch in 2012, the article sought to demystify the controversy surrounding the views held on the problem of addiction. The article undertook a review of the surveys on historical, clinical, anthropological, clinical and laboratory basis in order to create their argument regarding the disorder. According to the author, the surveys create compelling statements that conceptualization of addiction is not only erroneous but also misleading. Whilst using the data available, the author points that most drug addicts successfully quit drug-addiction, a fact that was inconsistent with chronic diseases. Therefore, the author concluded that addiction is not a brain disease.
Addiction Technology Transfer Network. Addiction is a disease Authored by the Addiction Technology Transfer Network, the article asserts that addiction is a chronic mental illness that is comparable in its etiology to that of chronic illness (Addiction Technology Transfer Network, n.d.). The article points that through a literature review that compared the response to treatment, etio……………………………………..
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