Q1 Gas is compressed in a reciprocating compressor from 1 bar to 6 bar. The FAD (Free Air Delivery) is 13 m3/sec. The clearance ratio is 0.05. The expansion part of the cycle follows the law PV1.2 = C. The crank speed is 360 rev/min.Calculate the swept volume and volumetric efficiency. Q2. Provide answers for the following: A system on site is a pressure sand filter with a service curve. The filter is backwashed using the feed pump, at a higher flow rate, shown as backwash curve.
• Service duty point : 3 m3/h • Backwash duty point : 9 m3/h a) What is the speed of the pump needed to achieve the service and backwash flow rates? (4 marks) b) What would be the best way to control the speed of the pump? Why? (2 marks) c) The pump is set up as a fixed speed constant pressure system (the pump runs once system pressure reaches 550 kPa, turns off when pressure drops to 450 kPa, plant re-starts) to maintain a system pressure of 500 kPa at the discharge of the pump. (4 marks) Using pump affinity laws calculate the service and backwash rates for the pump? Q3. A pump station has been designed to lift water out of a 6 metre deep pit (vented to atmosphere) via a centrifugal pump mounted at ground level. • Liquid conditions 20°C • Suction pipe work losses 2.0 metres • NPSH safety factor 5.0 kPa • Vapor pressure @ 20oC 0.25 metres a) Calculate the Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) for the system. (3 marks) b) In summer the liquid temperature rises to 60 oC, this changes the water vapor pressure to 2.05 metres. What is the revised NPSH for the higher water temperature? (2 marks) For the NPSH result from part (b) what increase in suction pipe work size is required to have a positive NPSH result as calculated in part (a). (3 marks)
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Watch Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s TED Talk “The Danger of a Single Story” here (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.). Write a five hundred word reflection in which you answer the following questions: In your experience, what is the dominant or “single” story of Latinx people told in the United States? Where did you learn this story? How does the experience of Camino and Yahaira disrupt or complicate this dominant story? Ultimately, why does it matter how we narrate complex political processes and events, social movements, and even the lives of children?
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Part A: Mini Case Study (2 pages maximum)You are to provide an essay (two pages maximum) for the following mini case question. The essay is to be a 1.5 line spacing. Computer Dynamics Computer Dynamics is a microcomputer software development company that has a 300 + computer network. The company is located in three adjacent five-story buildings in an office park, with about 100 computers in each building. The LANs in each building are similar, but one building has the data canter on the second floor. There are no other office locations. The current network is poorly designed for its current needs and must be completely replaced. Develop a logical design for this enterprise campus that considers the seven network architecture components. There are no other campuses, so you can omit WAN access. You will need to make some assumptions, so be sure to document your assumptions and explain why you have designed the network in this way. (25 marks) The essays do not require in text references or a list of references. Part B: Business Report (8 pages for body of the report) Management has identified that in order to provide employees with mobile access a more flexible networking environment needs to be created. Since the organisation uses a typical client server network management has decided that the next logical step would be to move the services to a cloud based solution. The move to the cloud it is argued would remove some of the access restrictions that IT has placed on services and therefore make employees more productive. Our organisation provides the manufacture and supply of widgets that are in high demand for the production of integrated circuits. Currently we are only a few of the manufacturers that can supply the widgets in the quantity required by our customers. Internal review of our activities has identified that while out manufacturing process is well established the scheduling and processing of orders can lead to delays in processing orders. Changes were proposed to try and alleviate some of the complaints from the employees when accessing and using the organisation IT services in order to schedule the productions. The networking is designed as a two tier client server architecture. The backend services provide the data store and retrieval of company information which needs to be guarded carefully. Most of the business processing is performed on the staff desktops. Due to the structure and management of the data, sales people when visiting a client store the orders and quantities onto specially printed note pads which will need to be re-enter into the system once they are back in the office. Recently we have moved to a digitised version of the order form to help the sales people when interacting with customers. Transfer of the data to the organisation systems still needs to be done manually as the information has to be checked against a number of systems before the order can be placed. The reentry of the data is normally done by office staff but may also be done by the sale people usually during the busy period of the year. Any changes to the original orders and times will require them to contact the client and renegotiate the job order. Employees are require to connect to multiple systems to be able to enter the new orders and place them on the system as production runs. As the processing of the data and information is very important to the organisation the current design requires that when users access a major system they need to re-enter their user credentials. It was evident from the meeting that management understanding of the cloud services in terms of structures and benefits was not clear enough to make planning decisions. Before proceeding with the proposed plans you have been tasked with providing a report that would be used to re-examine the proposal by researching and providing a report for the following topics. Note: When we say Mobile devices we mean devices that can be used by employees to access the data and services in an unstructured network environment as well as through other third party networks. • The cloud solutions are not well formulated at the moment due to some misunderstanding of what the term actually means. Describe the type of cloud services available, the benefits and disadvantages of each solution. • It is evident that from the description of the processes in the organisation the processing of information is done by requesting information from number of different sources before the order can be placed in the production queue. Which type of cloud should we be looking at to be able to benefit from remote access to the services while not necessarily modifying our business process and why is that the best solution. • Nominate the cloud solution that would be best for the organisation in the long run with justifications for your selection. Also include any possible problems that the solution might pose in the future plans. • Consider the overall impact that the introduction of new devices would have on the network functionality and availability. Identify possible problems and issues that the introduction of mobile computing could have on the network services. • It is evident that the introduction or restructure can cause a major disruption to the employees with having to adjust to the new technology, new security and access restrictions and so on. Provide advice the management on the need for training and reskilling you think would be needed to maximise the adoption of new technology by the organisational employees. (75 marks) Please read the instructions very carefully. Report Format for Part C (8 pages body) The report needs to be a standard business report and you must reference correctly in Harvard style. Your report MUST follow the structure for a report as specified in the Faculty of Business Communications skills handbook, however, you will not be required to submit the following sections: Glossary or Appendices. You may want to consider the structure of the marking scheme when structuring the body of your report. Your report must include references where you have used other sources (both in the body text and listed at the end of the report) • Marks will be deducted for submitted work with missing or incorrect references. • Work submitted with no references in the body of the report will NOT be accepted. • Your report must be printed with 1.5 line spacing; at least 12-point font size; and the body of the report should be no more than 10 pages of single-sided A4 paper. • Penalty will apply for exceeding the page limit. • Assignments not following the report style will be heavily penalised
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Coursework Assessment Brief: Report (80%)FileThe purpose of this assessment is to enable students to demonstrate a number of skills that have been developed within the Module, in particular: • Good modeling capability of advanced powertrain control systems within the Matlab/Simulink environment • An appreciation of advanced propulsion and emission control strategies available to the automotive engineer • How best to specify and implement the chosen designs in order to optimize performance benefits. This will be achieved by writing a structured report (around 4000 words). Unless specified, the manuscript will report individual work. The report will contain three parts: 1. A review of advanced hybrid powertrains, their control strategies and how they may be implemented at particular speed and load points 2. The design and implementation of a realistic series or parallel hybrid powertrain. 3. The comparison of various idle speed control strategies The part 2 (powertrain model) should: • illustrate the mode based/rule based control of the power flow, in matlab/simulink • use of an operating point optimizing fuel consumption or the efficiency of the ICE, using Ricardo Wave or justifications. • follow the WLTP drive cycle • reflective analysis of the results The part 3 (Idle speed control) should: • Discuss a ICE implementation using Ricardo Wave (group work) • Illustrate the control via ignition timing (one member of the group work) • Illustrate the control via the intake valve timing and regulation of the air mass rate flow (one member of the group work) • • Illustrate the control via the bypass valve and regulation of the air mass rate flow (one member of the group work) • Illustrate the control via the throttle and regulation of the air mass rate flow (one member of the group work) • Compare and discuss the control methods and a reflective analysis of the results Note that it is required that the individual work (for each control strategy) has to be clearly identified in the report
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It is a biological modeling assignment to be written using the Xppaut software. There will need to be postscript graphs. 1) A modified Hodgkin-Huxley model One considers a neuron model where voltage evolution is given by C ddVt = Gl(Vl – V ) + GNam8(V )3h(ENa – V ) + GKn(EK – V ) + I Sodium current activation is assumed to be instantaneous m and the gating variables h and n satisfy the equations th ddht = h8(V ) – h and tn ddnt = n8(V ) – n where th and tn are both equal to 1 ms, h n Other parameters are C = 0.8nF, Gl = 0.3µS, GNa = 40µS, GK = 3.5µS, Vl = – 66mV, ENa = 50mV, EK = – 90mV. Draw the voltage response of the model to a constant injected current for several values of this current. Draw the bifurcation parameter using the injected current as the bifurcation parameter. Interpret the results. 2) Effect of an AHP current One adds to the model a afterhyperpolarization (AHP) current IAHP = GAHPz(EK – V ) where GAHP = 0.3µS. The gating variable z satisfies tz(V ) ddzt = z8(V ) – z where z8(V ) = 1 and tz = 0.1ms above -20 mV (spike voltage threshold) and z8(V ) = 0 and tz = 10ms below -20 mV. Show how the discharge of the neuron is modified by this AHP current. Show that small oscillations are observed before action potentials and characterize these oscillations. What is their typical frequency? How do they vary with the injected current? Show that these oscillations disappear if the injected current is too much increased. Show that the firing frequency of the neuron displays a series of plateaus above the firing threshold and explain why. Explain why the firing frequency smoothly increases for higher values of the injected current. 3) Reduction to a three-dimensional model Reduce the above four-dimensional model to a three-dimensional model in a way similar to what is done for the standard Hodgkin-Huxley model. Explain how you do that and write down the resulting equations. What is the discharge of this three-dimensional model? How does it vary with the injected current? Does it display small oscillations between action potentials. 4) Origin of the small oscillations Compute the bifurcation diagram of the reduced model. How does the resting state become unstable when the current is increased? Draw the trajectory of the model in three dimensions when the injected current is just above the firing threshold. Describe this trajectory. Why does it explain the small oscillations between action potentials? Draw the the trajectory of the model in three dimensions when the injected current is larger and one does not observe small oscillations. How does it differ for the previous case? Why are small oscillations no longer observed? Conclude on the role of the AHP in the emergence of small oscillations between action potentials. 5) Excitability One increases the excitability of the reduced model by adding a persistent sodium current, which does not inactivate. Its activation is instantaneous, and its activation curve is the same as the transient sodium current above but shifted downward by 5 mV. Draw the two parameter bifurcation diagram of the model using the injected curent and the conductance GNap of the persistent sodium current as bifurcation parameters. Interpret the results. Show that the small oscillations preceding action potentials then disappear as GNap is increased
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write a lab book, all instructions have been provided. Your task is to write a lab book for Practical 2 : Lab book – Marking Criteria (10 marks in total): – Perfunctory elements (1 mark) Perfunctory elements to include are: descriptive contents page; page numbering; dates; no blank spaces; experiment titles. These are either present or not and marks will be awarded on completeness. – Completion of specific questions associated with practicals (2 marks) Answer all questions shown in the Practical manual! Marks will be awarded on completeness. – Aims (1 mark) Each part of a practical should have an appropriate aim, not just an overall aim for the whole practical. These should reflect your own belief about the purpose of the experimental procedure undertaken. – Methods (1 mark) This section should accurately reflect the methods used in the practical. You should not just copy the methods from the Practical manual. – Results (2 marks) Results should be recorded in an appropriate way, such as being tabulated or graphed properly. Be mindful of layout and providing units. Note that each table or graph should have an appropriate descriptor, that is each table requires a descriptive title and each graph requires a descriptive figure legend. For example, Table 1: Preparation of standard dilutions of DCIP. – Discussion and Self-reflection (3 marks) Include a detailed discussion of your results for each practical, e.g. include your thoughts on accuracy, precision and/or your confidence in the results presented. Where relevant, discussions should include reference to the broader literature, e.g. “this is similar to many other enzymes, such as enzyme X and enzyme Y, where there is a narrow pH range and where they have maximum catalytic activity. However, it contrasts with enzyme A and enzyme B, which have very broad pH tolerance. The latter come from bacteria, which are subject to a broad range of environmental conditions, therefore, enzyme A and B are likely required for activity over a wider pH range.” Include a Self-reflection section for each practical. In this section you need to first describe what you have learned from your experience engaging with the practical material, and then consider how you would change your behaviour in light of this new learning. You may also wish to consider what you have enjoyed (and why) and what areas you need to improve (and why). You may include a referenced diagram, photograph, or sketch to augment, but these are not to replace your own work/ provided data. ? It will contain a table of contents. ? All pages are to be consecutively numbered and blank space is to be at a minimum. ? The date is to be clearly shown. ? For laboratory experiments it will be used to note: • experimental background, aim, procedures that are proposed • data recorded and tabulated accurately and succinctly • fully labelled diagrams and drawings • potential sources of error noted/discussed • problems that are encountered, and problem solutions • conclusions and summaries ? Conclusions should be supported by the scientific literature and referenced in text (i.e. in discussion section, not at the end of the practical). ? At the end of each practical a brief self-reflections section about your progress in laboratory work will be recorded. Try to include what you have enjoyed, what you have disliked, what you feel confident in, and most importantly what you have had difficulties with and how you plan to resolve the difficulty.
Note: No plagiarism
Practical 2: Micropipetting Technique and Chemistry of Carbohydrates Introduction This practical will develop your understanding of micropipetting technique and your knowledge of carbohydrates – particularly the structures of monosaccharides and disaccharides. Practical 2 also introduces some analytical techniques that can be used to identify carbohydrates, such as Paper Chromatography, the Benedict’s test, and Osazone crystal formation. Pre-work: Answer all questions in details 1. If I weighed out 1 g of water, what volume of water would I have? 2. Write out in words the name for this symbol (as it relates to the prefix of a unit, not as a Greek letter): µ. 3. If I had 100 µL of water, what percentage of 1 mL of water would this be? 4. Would the answer to Q3 change if the word water were replaced by oil in the question above? 5. What is the boiling point of ethanol? 6. At 20°C is glucose a solid or a liquid? 7. In your laboratory book draw the structures of a-D-glucopyranose; ß-D-galactopyranose; aD-mannopyranose; ß-D-fructofuranose; maltose and sucrose (this means draw glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, maltose and sucrose in their ring forms). You will notice that these structures are all very similar. However, it is possible to conduct a series of chemical tests to distinguish between these structures. This concept will be explored by trying to identify an unknown sugar. Therefore, a series of chemical reactions will be carried out on a number of known sugars and the results compared with the same tests on your unknown sugar. In addition, one of the tests (chromatography) will also be used to explore the nature of the sugars in a ripe banana. 8. What is the stationary phase in paper chromatography? 9. What is the mobile phase in paper chromatography? 10. For the solvent in the chromatography jar, which component(s) is (are) hydrophilic? Which one is more hydrophobic? 11. Why can sugars be stained by silver nitrate? 12. What are the monosaccharides to be tested today? 13. What are the disaccharides to be tested today? 14. Which sample contains polysaccharides? Each group will be allocated an unknown sugar to investigate. Record the letter of the unknown sugar e.g. unknown sugar = C Note: please check the student Data File attached. Part A. Micropipetting Technique : Write Aim/Methods/Results /Discussion and self-reflection(Follow marking criteria and answer all questions ) Background It is typical in modern laboratories to make solutions in small volumes. A micropipettor is a key scientific device that enables this to be done and therefore it is essential that a graduate has adequate micropipetting skills. This practical is an opportunity to learn how to use a micropipettor correctly. A micropipette is used to precisely transfer volumes of liquid to make solutions. Volumes from 1 µL to 1000 µL are commonly transferred this way, but up to 5000 µL can be transferred depending on the pipette used. There are two basic types of micropipettors: (1) air displacement and (2) positive displacement. Air displacement pipettors are most commonly used and so it is essential that you learn to use these correctly and skilfully. The correct technique for using a micropipettor will be demonstrated (please see the demonstration video). Also consider the Check list for pipetting shown below. In your laboratory book, following the demonstration of pipetting, draw a fully labelled diagram of a micropipettor including its disposable tip. Check list for pipetting: 1. Make sure the correct volume is selected by moving the adjusting knob until the required volume is shown on the dial (do not overwind or underwind the pipette). 2. Use a correctly fitting tip and close the lid on the pipette tip box. 3. Hold the pipettor vertically when sampling and expelling solution. 4. Place the pipettor no more than 5 mm below the surface of the liquid being sampled or when expelling the liquid. 5. The push button should be operated smoothly and slowly to avoid introducing air and inaccuracies into the dispensing procedure. 6. Avoid contamination where appropriate by replacing tips Experiment 1 Pipetting Water (Do not forget to include the aim of and write out your methods for this experiment in your laboratory book .Choose either a P1000 or P200 pipettor for this experiment. Choose a volume of water to pipette. Make sure that it is above 50 µL. This could be e.g. 226 µL; 150 µL; 922 µL. The volume is entirely your choice. Make a note of this volume in your laboratory book. Using a balance (please use 4-digit analytical balance for this experiment if available) weigh the volume of water pipetted at your chosen volume. Repeat this so that at least a total of 12 recordings are made. Make sure you record which attempts were your partner’s. Record your observations. Based on the mass that you would expect the volume of water being pipetted to have, evaluate your accuracy, and also evaluate your precision. Determine if there is a difference between each person in the group. Experiment 2 Repeat the above experiment using oil. However, use a P200 pipettor set to an appropriate volume of your choice. Note: 1 mL of water and 1 mL of oil were weighed. Consider any issues mentioned that are associated with pipetting different types of liquids and how pipetting technique may need to be adjusted. Also consider the data provided in the Practical 2 Student Data file attached.
Discussion of Procedure Based on your experience, describe how you would change your procedures to obtain the most efficient method for testing your pipetting. Would this be different for pipetting oil compared with water? Discussion Comment on your accuracy and precision in pipetting water compared with oil and justify your answer using evidence. How did your accuracy and precision compare with your partner’s? Consider that a difference was observed, explain the likely reason(s) for this and how could you test it? If you required an accurate volume of oil or other viscous substance, what technique would you avoid and what would you recommend? Explain your reasoning. Note: If taking this prac online please use the data provided in the Practical 2 Student Data file Comments on pipetting – try to keep the following in mind: • Choose the correct sized pipettor for the volume to be transferred. (Hint: If the volume desired is less than 20% of the maximum volume for the pipettor, then a different pipettor should be used. e.g. 180 µL requires use of a P200 pipettor rather than a P1000 pipettor) • Make sure the correct volume is selected. • Use a correctly fitting tip. • Understand the function of the -first- and -second- stops when using the pipettor push button. • Hold the pipettor vertically when sampling and expelling solution. • Place the pipettor no more than 5 mm below the surface of the liquid being sampled or when expelling the liquid. • Operate the push button smoothly and slowly to avoid introducing aerosols, air and inaccuracies into the dispensing procedure. • To avoid contamination, replace tips – use tip ejector to remove tips. Part B. Paper Chromatography Write Aim/Methods/Results /Discussion and self-reflection(Follow marking criteria and answer all questions )
Background on carbohydrates From the lecture material you will recall that carbohydrates have the general formula (CH2O)n where n is an integer of 3 or greater. If n=3 the carbohydrate is a triose. If n= 4, it is a tetrose, and so on. One important group of monosaccharides (or carbohydrates) consisting of only one unit is the hexoses (n=6). Biologically important hexoses are: glucose, galactose, mannose and fructose. In aqueous solutions, they exist predominantly in a ring form, which is in equilibrium with an open chain aldehyde form in the case of glucose, galactose and mannose, and ketone form in the case of fructose. Glucose and other aldehyde sugars (aldoses) form ring structures, cyclic hemiacetals. When such cyclic hemiacetals form, two different structures are possible depending upon the orientation of the OH group formed by ring closure at C1, the anomeric carbon. These two forms (a and ß) are at equilibrium with each other in solution and the interconversion of a and ß anomers is called mutarotation, which can be measured by change in rotation of polarised light. Disaccharides consist of two sugar units linked together by ether links. This link is called an Oglycosidic bond. Common linkages are C1 to C4 and C1 to C1. The orientation of the link at C1 often determines the properties of the disaccharide. The link may be either a or ß. Disaccharides are hydrolysed to their constituents with mild treatment of acid. Common disaccharides are: maltose (a-D-glucopyranosyl-(1?4)-D-glucopyranose) found in barley grain; sucrose (a-D-glucopyranosyl-(1?2)-ß-D-fructofuranoside) found in fruit. Background on Chromatography Chromatography is a technique where different substances are identified or separated by the degree to which they prefer one environment or phase over another. In this case, one environment is a stationary phase (chromatography paper), and the other phase is a liquid which is mobile. A small amount of the sample sugar is spotted onto the paper and allowed to dry. This means that the sample sugar is incorporated in the stationary phase. The mobile phase is then placed at one end of the chromatography paper and allowed to absorb into the paper. It then flows over the sample sugar towards the other end of the paper. If the sample sugar is soluble in the mobile phase, it will move along with the mobile phase. If it is not at all soluble, then it will remain where it was originally on the filter paper. Some sugars are more soluble in the mobile phase than others and therefore move with the mobile phase to different degrees. This can be used to identify an unknown sugar or the sugars in fruit by comparing their degree of movement with that of known sugars. Materials 1x ripe banana per bench Purified water for dilution 10% Standard sugar solutions: glucose, galactose, fructose, sucrose, lactose and maltose 10% Unknown sugar solutions 1, 2 or 3 (choose one of these). 10 mL ethanol Solvent – the mobile phase (isopropanol:acetic acid:water (3:1:1 v/v/v)) Stain (saturated silver nitrate in acetone) Fixative (1g sodium hydroxide in 10 mL of water diluted with 90 mL with ethanol) Procedure: Extraction of sugars from a ripe banana (Steps 1-4) 1. Weigh 5 g of banana. 2. Pulp the banana with a fork, and place into a tube. 3. Add 10 mL of ethanol and mix thoroughly by vortexing and manual shaking. Heat the tube to 80 °C for 20 min. What problem must be overcome with this step? Hint – refer to pre-work. 4. Filter the suspension through a fluted filter paper into a new tube. The filtrate is your ripe banana sugar solution. Do not dilute this. Procedure: Paper Chromatography Dilution, spotting and development (Steps 5-9) 5. Aliquot 1 mL samples of each standard sugar solution and your unknown into separate tubes. Dilute these using purified water to obtain a final concentration of 5%. Record your calculations. 6. Take a sheet of Whatman No. 1 chromatography paper as supplied (15 cm x 28 cm) and mark a line in pencil 2.5 cm from the bottom. Mark nine points on this line (with small crosses) that are 1.5 cm apart. 7. Onto each of the crosses apply 2 µL of one of the diluted standard sugar solutions; the diluted unknown sugar solution and the undiluted filtrate from the banana (each solution will be on a different spot). 8. Record the locations of the sugars. Label in pencil the top part of the filter paper with your initials or name. 9. You will be shown how to prepare and place the chromatography paper into the developing tank. The tank is then sealed as this assists development. Allow the chromatogram to develop for about 1.5 hours. Develop the filter paper with isopropanol:acetic acid:water (3:1:1 v/v/v) solvent mixture. 10. After developing, measure the distance the solvent front has travelled from each original spot (where you applied the sugar solutions). Think about the best way to display these data. Staining and calculation of RF (Steps 11-14) Please note: the steps 11-13 will be carried out by lab Supervisor/demonstrator (in order to prevent any spill of silver nitrate, which could result in indelible stains) 11. Dip the paper in the staining solution (5 mL saturated silver nitrate in 200 mL acetone). Use fresh solution. 12. Dry the paper in the fume hood and dip it into the solution (1g of sodium hydroxide in 10 mL of water and then diluted with 90 mL ethanol). Use fresh solution (~10 mL). 13. Dry the paper at 100°C for 1 min, mark the location of the centre of the sugar spots. 14. Calculate the Retention Factor (RF) for each sugar spot. The RF value is the ratio of distance travelled of the sugar compared to the distance travelled of the solvent. Thus, the formula for RF = Discussion of Procedure Write down your thoughts about the following to demonstrate that you have an understanding of the procedure. Make sure that you do not use any reference sources to compile your answers. We need to know your thinking and why. • Do you think that the ripeness of the banana might affect the outcome of the practical? What made you come to this conclusion? • Do you think that the amount of banana weighed out was important and why? • Is the mobile phase used here hydrophilic or hydrophobic? Why is it relevant to separation of sugars? • What would happen if the samples that were applied to the chromatography paper were placed below the level of the developing solution? • In some cases, the development front was not parallel to the initial line where the sugar samples were applied. How would the RF values be determined and would they be valid? Results • Determine the most likely sugars to be present in the ripe banana and the most likely sugar to be your unknown based on the RF values. Note: If taking this prac online please use the data provided in the Practical 2 Student Data file to answer these questions. (you should select at least one of the unknowns A-D provided in the Student Data file and interpret the results for Part B, C, and D). Part C. Benedicts Test for reducing/non-reducing sugars Write Aim/Methods/Results /Discussion and self-reflection(Follow marking criteria and answer all questions )
Materials As for Part B above except for: 1 mL Benedicts solution (alkaline cupric citrate) Procedure: Benedicts Test 1. Aliquot 1 mL samples of each standard sugar solution and your unknown into separate tubes. 2. Add 5 drops of Benedicts solution. 3. Heat tubes in a boiling (100°C) water bath for 2-5 min. 4. Record your observations for each of your sugar solutions. A positive test (red precipitate) indicates the presence of a reducing sugar that reduces cupric ions in the Benedicts solution to the cuprous state. The Benedicts test is frequently used clinically to test for sugar in urine. Discussion of Procedure Write down your thoughts about the following to demonstrate that you have an understanding of the procedure. • What is the underlying principle for the colour change when Benedict’s reagent is mixed with a reducing sugar? (Your explanation here only needs to be brief, but mention the reaction that takes place and the functional groups involved) Results • Which sugar(s) are non-reducing sugars? • What is the main structural feature of the identified non-reducing sugar(s) that differentiates them from reducing sugars? Illustrate this by drawing the structures of specific sugars. Part D. Osazone Formation – Aliquot 1 mL samples of each standard sugar solution and your unknown into separate tubes. 1. Add 0.2 g of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride, 0.3 g of sodium acetate and 1 mL of water to each tube. This must be done in the fume hood. 2. Place the tubes after covering with foil in a boiling water bath for 30 min. 3. Remove the tubes from the water bath and allow them to cool. Observe the colour of any precipitates. 4. Place a drop of the crystalline suspension onto a microscope slide, cover it with a coverslip and examine the crystals under a microscope using the 40x objective. 5. Draw the crystals as they appear under the microscope. Discussion of Procedure What is the underlying principle for osazone formation? Can you see an osazone crystal of sucrose? Based on the crystal structures, what sugar(s) is your unknown likely to be? Overall Discussion By combining your results from the above experiments (Part B, C, and D), identify what your unknown sugar is likely to be and the most likely sugar(s) in ripe banana. Note: If taking this prac online please use the data provided in the Practical 2 Student Data file attached to answer these questions (you should select at least one of the unknowns A-D provided in the Student Data file and interpret the results for Part B, C, and D)
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The word document (PAP document 2023) is what the assignment must be completed in. The pdf document labelled week five highlights how to do the assignment. I have the marking scheme attached as well. The assignment looks for video, but you don’t need to do this. Pictures of FITT training plans etc. would be needed.I need the assignment completed five times (in every case, the athlete is 18 years of age approx.) (see below). So basically 5 assignments need to be done and sent back to me. For each section A, using theoretical concepts, learners will complete an analysis of their performance and identify areas of strengths and weakness. I must come up with a performance analysis by testing myself in the following areas in the specific sport/activity that I choose. The eight areas are: Learning a new skill, developing technique Psychological demands of the activity Physiological demands of the activity Performance-related components of fitness Health-related components of fitness Movement and biomechanical analysis Tactical and strategical application Diet and Nutrition Accompanying images (images can be in word format and used as an appendix at the end) should show the results of tests in these areas and how they compare against the national norm. You will have to make up the results here. Referring to the Energy systems, i.e. ATP-PC system, anaerobic glycolysis, aerobic glycolysis needed is chosen sport would be good. For section B, using the SMART strategy, they must identify four performance goals. Learners need to explain why they selected each goal and how it relates to their performance analysis in section A. In order to improve, they come up with a 6-week training planning incorporating the FITT principle, and that also accounts for the principles of training, i.e. SPORT & RAID ( Specificity, Progressive Overload, Reversibility, Tedium, Rest, Recovery and Overtraining, Adaptation, Individual Needs and Diminishing Returns) and should have periodisation (mesocycle/macrocycle/microcycle) in order to address each performance goal. Plans should incorporate Warm-Up – RAMP: Raise, Activate and Mobilise, Potentiate, Cool Down & mention strategies for rest and recovery. It should incorporate the different training methods, i.e. fartlek, circuit training, HIIT, resistance, plyometrics etc. Some training plans may look at diet & nutrition or Strategies to improve psychological preparedness. Accompanying images (images can be in word format and used as an appendix at the end) should show the training plans geared towards the specific performance goal. An interim reflection should be completed to review the plan’s effectiveness and current progress against the four performance goals. Appropriate changes should be documented and justified. Section C is the concluding analysis. A second analysis of performance will be completed so learners can ascertain any progress they made against their four performance goals and in all tests used in section A. Again you will have to make up results here. The analysis process completed should include the same contexts used in the initial performance analysis for a fair comparison. Learners will comment on progress made in relation to the effectiveness of their training plan and the quality of its implementation. (images can be in word format and used as an appendix at the end The five subjects I would like tested are as follows: 65 kg male basketballer – four performance goals that need to be SMART can be based on Performance-related components of fitness – improving agility Health-related components of fitness – improving Cardiovascular Endurance Psychological demands of the activity – scot or swot analysis Learning a new skill, developing technique e.g. free throw The FITT training plans that incorporate the principles of training etc then focus on these 4 performance goals in section B 60kg female doing resistance training, i.e. squats, lunges, bench press, pull up, push up, unilateral, bilateral) – four performance goals that need to be SMART can be based on Performance-related components of fitness – improving power Health-related components of fitness – improving muscular strength Diet and Nutrition – good diet needed to build muscle & lose fat Movement and biomechanical analysis of squat, push up & pull up technique The FITT training plans that incorporate the principles of training etc then focus on these 4 performance goals in section B 70kg male soccer player – four performance goals that need to be SMART can be based on Performance-related components of fitness – improving reaction time Health-related components of fitness – improving flexibility Diet and Nutrition to enhance performace Learning a new skill, developing technique e.g. passing The FITT training plans that incorporate the principles of training etc then focus on these 4 performance goals in section B 55 kg female volleyball player – four performance goals that need to be SMART can be based on Learning a new skill, developing technique e.g. the dig Health-related components of fitness – improving muscular endurance Psychological demands of the activity anxiety Physiological demands of the activity – sleep The FITT training plans that incorporate the principles of training etc then focus on these 4 performance goals in section B 60 kg male sprinter – four performance goals that need to be SMART for section B can be based on Performance-related components of fitness – improving speed Health-related components of fitness – Cardiovascular Endurance Diet and Nutrition to improve performance Movement and biomechanical analysis of sprinting technique The FITT training plans that incorporate the principles of training etc then focus on these 4 performance goals in section B assignment requirements The three sections of your project must not exceed a total length of 1600 words, excluding references and bibliography. You must not change the structure or format of the booklet in any way and should adhere to the following formatting guidelines: The text should be in Arial, font size 12. You may make use of text editing features such as italics, bullets, postscript, etc. Document margins have been set and should not be changed. The text margins for each A4 page are: Left, right, and top margins 20 mm. Bottom margin 30 mm You are also not allowed to attach or include links to any other material. An image can be any relevant graph, chart, diagram or photograph. They can be inserted in the appendices at the end of each section in this booklet. When referring in the body of the report to any specific image, the image must be properly labelled (figure 1, figure 2, etc.). You are not allowed to include picture collages. The total number of images allowed throughout this booklet is 16. You must also include references and a bibliography in the space provided at the end of the booklet. You must reference any information used in your report, such as publications including books, professional journals and government reports; online sources and other types of media; specialist organisations and relevant individuals. To include such material without properly referencing the source will be considered plagiarism. Some good references would be appreciated throughout where possible. If each assignment had 5-8 references, it would be good.
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Write a paper (700 words) on what you think should be included in a future reform of the health care system, focusing on financial operating changes that would improve efficiency and provide for improved transparency to the public. Include three to five research/references to support your position.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the GCU Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
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For the final assignment of this course, you will continue your work with the company you used in Unit IV and Unit VI. For the Unit VIII Project, you will complete the final components of your implementation plan.
For Part 3, you will focus on the following points:
· internal and external issues,
· competition,
· future outlook for the organization, and
· implementation of tools for measuring business success.
Much of the information you will need to complete this segment can be found in the case study in the textbook. However, you will also need to conduct some outside research. For the future of the organization, you may be creative and add your own insight on where you see the company going. You will need to reference your textbook and at least one outside source for this assignment. You are encouraged to utilize the CSU Online Library, but you may also use external sources, as long as the source is reliable.
Your project must be a minimum of three full pages in length, not counting the title and reference pages. Make certain to include an introductory paragraph
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Education and Income Inequality [WLO: 3] [CLOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7] Prior to beginning work on the Final Paper, read Steven Strauss’ article, The Connection Between Education, Income Inequality, and Unemployment. In your Final Paper, you should address the following based on the information presented in the article and other research: Describe how a country can measure its income inequality. Evaluate the effect of income inequality on the U.S. economy, such as unemployment, economic growth, and other economic factors. Estimate the gap between those who hold bachelor’s and higher (master or doctoral) degrees and those who do not. Explain reasons why the inequality gap between educated and less-educated workers has been widening. Evaluate whether increasing opportunities for higher education can reduce income inequality. Analyze what else causes U.S. income inequality to widen. Recommend how to reduce educationally based income inequality or other factors if you were a federal policy maker. The Education and Income Inequality Final Paper Must be 10 to 12 double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center’s APA Style resource. Must include a separate title page with the following: Title of paper Student’s name Course name and number Instructor’s name Date submitted For further assistance with the formatting and the title page, refer to APA Formatting for Word 2013. Must utilize academic voice. See the Academic Voice resource for additional guidance. Must include an introduction and conclusion paragraph. Your introduction paragraph needs to end with a clear thesis statement that indicates the purpose of your paper. For assistance on writing Introductions & Conclusions as well as Writing a Thesis Statement, refer to the Ashford Writing Center resources. Must use at least five scholarly, peer-reviewed, and/or other credible sources in addition to the course text. The Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sourcestable offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. If you have questions about whether a specific source is appropriate for this assignment, please contact your instructor. Your instructor has the final say about the appropriateness of a specific source for a particular assignment. Must document any information used from sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center’s Citing Within Your Paper guide. Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. See the Formatting Your References List resource in the Ashford Writing Center for specifications. Carefully review the Grading Rubric for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment
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