Assignment details: Compare and contrast the history and culture of the American Mafia and organized crime groups that exist in Italy. How is the American Mafia similar to Italian organized crime groups? How is it different?
Discussion Board Guidelines: Submit an answer to the discussion board. Each discussion board post will be between 250 – 350 words long. Refer & cite current resources in your answer.
Early in the morning of January 20, 1910, FBI agents and other law enforcement officers arrested nearly 130 members and associates of the American Mafia, including members of New York’s five Families, the DeCavalcante Family of New Jersey, and the Patriarca Family of New England.
While the power and influence of the American Mafia has declined, it remains a dangerous entity in the northeast and Chicago, two areas that will be examined in this chapter.
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THE MAFIA IN NEW YORK
The American Mafia is unique. No other criminal organization has controlled labor unions, organized employer cartels, operated as a rationalizing force in major industries, and functioned as a bridge between the upperworld and the underworld.
Between 1891 and 1920, 4 million Italians entered the U.S., the majority coming from the Mezzogiorno.
Every important Italian American OC crime figure has had cultural roots in the Mezzogiorno.
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ITALIAN IMMIGRANT LIFE
Italian immigration made fortunes for speculators and landlords, but changed neighborhoods into human ant heaps of suffering, crime, ignorance, and filth.
Anglo-Protestant society was hostile to Mezzogiorno culture and practices. Some were illegal.
Immigrants’ patrimonial form of military organization could protect their old-country practices.
Mafia groups served important social and financial functions.
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CASTELLAMMARESE WAR
The old Sicilian “moustaches” used to get together in the back of the club and they called it Unione Siciliana.
BY 1930, there were 2 Mafia factions in NY: Masseria’s in Little Italy, and Maranzano’s in Manhattan.
Both men died violently. Lucky Luciano was involved in both murders. The new guys had defeated the “moustaches.”
Luciano became the most important Italian Mafia figure in NY.
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THE STRUCTURE OF THE AMERICAN MAFIA: THE NEW YORK MODEL
After the Castellammarese War, 5 Mafia Families emerged in NY: Bonanno, Colombo, Gambino, Genovese, Lucchese.
The boss is at the center (paterfamilias), assisted by an underboss (sottocapo) and counselor (consigliere).
The boss is surrounded by clients, e.g., captains (caporegime), to whom he acts as a patron.
The captains are surrounded by members or soldiers (soldati), to whom they act as patrons.
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THE COMMISSION
Crime bosses are linked in an arrangement known as the “commission.” The commission’s role:
Regulate and facilitate relationships between Families.
Promote and facilitate joint ventures between Families.
Resolve actual and potential disputes between Families.
Regulate the criminal activities of the Families.
Extend formal recognition to newly chosen bosses and resolve leadership disputes within families.
Authorize the execution of family members.
Approve the initiation of new members into the Families.
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ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE (NY)
The structure of NY Mafia Families is only loosely coupled to its criminal activities.
Much illegal activity is ad hoc deals and projects.
Crews are intermittently in several businesses.
Formal organizational structure differs from economic structure. Clear hierarchy in the Family; income- generating activity is independent entrepreneurs.
Pass a percentage of their income up as taxes in return for government-type services: dispute resolution, territory allocation, enforcement and corruption services.
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THE AMERICAN MAFIA IN CHICAGO
Intense, longtime connection between politics and OC.
Transportation hub brought immigration:
1836:Lake Michigan-Illinois River Canal groundbreaking.
Attracted adventurers, gamblers, pimps, prostitutes and other undesirables.
Civil War brought prosperity and soldiers on leave.
“The Outfit” is distinctive in its ethnic diversity.
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MIKE MCDONALD
Origin of OC in Chicago was the 1873 mayor election. Mike McDonald, gambling boss of Chicago, backed the
winning candidate. Mike had welded the gamblers, liquor interests, and
brothels into a formidable political power. From then, until his death in 1907, Mike controlled
mayors, congressmen, and senators. He owned the Globe newspaper and the elevated
railroad line in Chicago. Mont Tennes inherited his gambling empire.
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“HINKY DINK” AND “THE BATH”
“Hinky Dink” Kenna and “Bathhouse” Coughlin inherited Mike’s political empire.
As “Lords of the Levee,” they organized the vice entrepreneurs of he First Ward.
Majorities in the First Ward were so overwhelming they could affect city, county, and state elections.
They “licensed” businesses in the First Ward.
Backed winner “Big Bill” Thompson for mayor in 1915. Spoils system swept over the city.
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What are “boodles?”
JIM COLOSIMO
Brought to the U.S. from Calabria at 10 years old. He married a brothel keeper, and helped organized a
gang of white slavers.” (1910 Mann Act was a result.) Politically powerful during Thompson’s mayoralty. “‘Diamond Jim’ wore a diamond ring on every finger,
diamond studs gleamed in his shirt front, a huge diamond horseshoe was pinned to his vest, diamond links joined the cuffs, and his belt and suspender buckles were set with diamonds.”
He brought Johnny Torrio to Chicago for protection from Black Hand that targeted wealthy Italians.
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JOHNNY TORRIO
In Chicago, Torrio lured 3 Black Handers into an ambush, where gunmen shot them dead.
Born in Naples 1882. Raised in NY. Leader of James Street Boys, affiliated with the Five Points Gang.
Oversaw brothels and gambling operations for Colosimo.
Torrio’s partner in NY, Frankie Yale, sent out-of-control Al Capone to Chicago to get him out of NY.
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TORRIO THE BUSINESSMAN
Smart, non-drinker, non-smoker, not a womanizer.
Kissed his wife in the morning, then motored to his office where he bought and sold women, etc.
He excelled as a master strategist and organizer and quickly built a wealthy, powerful, influential empire.
With the onset of Prohibition, the personnel of organized vice took the lead in the systematic organization of this new and profitable field of exploitation.
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TORRIO-CAPONE ORGANIZATION
Colosimo wanted to stay out of bootlegging. Torrio and Capone disagreed. Staying out would deny access to wealth and would enrich and empower competitors.
May 11, 1920, Diamond Jim was shot to death in the vestibule of his upscale Colosimo’s Cafe.
Torrio succeeded him to the First Ward based Italian ‘syndicate’ throne.
Late summer 1920: Torrio persuaded the major Cook Co. gang leaders to abandon predatory crime in favor of Prohibition-related activities.
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THE CHICAGO WARS
Torrio had divided the city and county into spheres with a chieftain, subchiefs, and allocated markets.
1923 election of a reform mayor destabilized Chicago and encouraged competitive moves by ganglords.
War! Torrio-Capone syndicate v. O’Banion forces.
1925: Torrio left the Chicago organization to Capone.
1926 truce: “Gang wars are bad for business.”
Ended in 1929 with the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre.
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AL CAPONE’S CHICAGO
Thanks to Prohibition, Capone was now the most powerful person in Chicago.
The Depression reduced the Capone organization’s income.
He took over the rackets in Chicago–small business associations and union–using extreme violence.
Capone’s downfall was the 1927 U.S. Supreme Court decision (U.S. v. Sullivan) that upheld the IRS contention that unlawful income was subject to taxation.
Tried (1931), convicted, sentenced to 11 years, served 6.
“Brought down with a pencil” for tax evasion.
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THE OUTFIT
Structured as a 4-man senior partnership: Al Capone, Ralph Capone, Nitti, Jake Guzik. Each received 1/6, remainder was for maintenance of the headquarters.
After Prohibition, the Capone syndicate–the Outfit– had a monopoly on OC in Chicago, maintained with minimal force and a great deal of political influence.
Chicago Crime Commission: the Outfit is unique in its willingness to grant responsibility to non-Italians.
In 1955, turned the operation over to Sam Giancana.
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SAM GIANCANA
Since Prohibition, blacks had dominated the numbers business in Chicago.
Serving time with Eddie Jones, a wealthy black numbers operator, GIancana learned the value of Jones’ operation and violently took it over in 1952.
Lived a high-profile life. Served time for refusing to testify to federal grand jury, despite immunity.
Fled to Mexico in 1965. In 1974, Mexican immigration agents dragged him to the border into waiting arms of FBI.
Shot at home in 1975. Interesting legacy of connection with federal government.
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AMERICAN MAFIA: THE CHICAGO MODEL AND “FAMILY SECRETS”
Chicago differs from NY in that the Outfit has always been a cooperative venture with other groups.
The Outfit is led by a CEO-type boss responsible to am informal small board of directors. 3 area bosses are responsible for a particular part of “Chicagoland.”
Street crews are geographically based, but act independently.
The thug side of the Outfit led in 2004 to an important federal case, “Operation Family Secrets
In at least four (4) pages, identify a category of crime, provide a specific example of the elements of the offense from your state (or state of your choosing) and discuss the investigative approaches and choices that an investigator would most likely consider when conducting an investigation.
In your paper:
(1) identify the category of crime that you will be exploring: Crimes Against Persons; Crimes Against Property; or Crimes Against Society;
(2) identify at least ONE statute from your state (or state of your choice) associated with that crime category and explain the major elements of that offense that need to be investigated and proven;
(3) discuss the type of crime scene you may encounter with that type of offense and how you would handle that crime scene – will it be a large complex scene with many witnesses, lots of physical evidence, or a small scene with no witnesses, etc; OR is this the type of crime that requires special investigation techniques like confidential informants, undercovers, surveillance, etc?
(4) discuss the type(s) of evidence you are likely to be collecting from that scene – is it mostly witness statements, or forensic evidence like DNA, fingerprints, computer evidence, etc – and how you would best handle that evidence;
(5) for the type(s) of evidence you are collecting, what are the potential challenges you may be expected to overcome? Is contamination an issue? What types of witnesses/victims to you potentially come across that would potentially cause reliability issues?
(6) do you think the type of crime you are investigating will likely lead to search warrants? If so, what would you be searching for, where would it be, and what level of evidence do you need to obtain that search warrant?
(7) for the type of investigation you have selected, discuss the clearance rate of offense in general (see reading below) and give an opinion as to if that rate can be improved or not. If you believe it can be improved, explain what additional resources or techniques would lead to improvement. If you do not believe the clearance rate can be improved, give an opinion as to why not.
NOTE: If you chose to discuss Crimes Against Society, discuss what you think the biggest challenge is associated with detecting/investigating the type of offense you selected and what types of additional resources or techniques could lead to more successful investigations of that type of crime.
Submission Requirements
APA Style elements required
Separate Title Page with Name, class, date and topic/title
At least four (4) pages of your writing on this topic that includes using in-text citations (NOT including title page and reference page)
12 point font
Times New Roman or Arial
Separate Reference Page – List detailed source information for all references (NOT JUST LINKS TO WEBSITES)
You should include AT LEAST THREE (3) sources in your reference page in your final project. The class text plus two additional sources would be appropriate
The Maryland Department of Natural Resources is working to identify the undeveloped lands that are most critical to the state’s long-term ecological health. These lands, referred to as Maryland’s green infrastructure, provide the natural foundation needed to support diverse plant and animal populations, and enable valuable natural processes like filtering water and cleaning the air to take place. Identifying and setting priorities for protection of the green infrastructure is an ongoing process. Review this description of Maryland’s green infrastructure, Links to an external site. including county-by-county maps.
Using Maryland’s approach as a guide, find out how your community treats its open spaces. If you live in an urban area, does your city protect urban forests or other natural areas? If your community is suburban or rural in nature, is agricultural or habitat protected in any way? What water quality protections are in place at the local level? State level?
Directions: Our conversation on colonial and intergenerational trauma this week centres on the external forces that impose structural, political, and interpersonal violence on Indigenous peoples. In previous weeks we have discussed how this has occurred via policy and legislation.
In your forum posting this week, I would like you to consider the role of the health sector in centering trauma-informed care. How would you define trauma-informed care? What might the role of health care practitioners look like in supporting Indigenous patients with “complex, continuous, collective, cumulative, and compounding forms of colonial trauma” (Mitchel et al. 2019)? Are there any barriers that practitioners or policy-makers might face in centering trauma-informed care as an ethic of practice in health settings? Or, if you have seen an example of the ethic of trauma-informed care in practice, please share with your peers how you thought it was successful or could be improved.
The readings and links please limit your answer to under 500 words and respond to at least one other student comments.
Readings Required: Mitchell, T.; Arseneau, C.; & Thomas, D. (2019). Colonial Trauma: Complex, continuous, collective, cumulative and compounding effects on the health of Indigenous peoples in Canada and beyond. International Journal of Indigenous Health, 14 (2), 74–94. DOI 10.32799/ijih.v14i2.32251
Required: Aguiar, W. & Halseth, R. (2015). Aboriginal peoples and historic trauma: the process of intergenerational transmission. Prince George, BC: National Collaborating Centre for Aboriginal Health. https://www.ccnsa-nccah.ca/docs/context/RPT-HistoricTrauma-IntergenTransmission-Ag uiar-Halseth-EN.pdf
Reponses to Student As a future social worker who will be working within the healthcare system, I believe it is crucial that I identify and understand what it means to work with Indigenous people from a trauma-informed care stance. I would define trauma-informed care as a framework that is based on having knowledge and understanding of how trauma has affected and continues to effect, Indigenous people’s lives and the ways in which they receive help from service providers. Some concepts that are centered around trauma-informed care are understanding what trauma is, recognizing the ways trauma effects each person differently, and how the service user and provider respond to the trauma and the help.
As an employee of the healthcare system, I have seen first-hand how Indigenous people are treated within healthcare and the ways in which they are systematically pushed through the healthcare system that leaves major gaps in the trust, care, and compassion
that healthcare workers should be providing their patients. I believe that one of the major factors in the roles of healthcare professionals should be to allow our patients to have a say in their care. Upon meeting our patients, we need to allow them to feel safe in their surroundings, be able to ask questions, and be allowed to say what they are comfortable with or where they comfort level ends. We need to understand that racism is prevalent in today’s society, whether we agree or disagree, racism is upon us. Indigenous people’s fears are not heard, and the reality of their care is the “get them in and get them out” mentality. Not all the time, but very often, when an Indigenous person enters an emergency department, they are flagged as a “drug seeker” before anyone even speaks to them. With this mentality, the ways in which Indigenous people are supported in healthcare will never change.
As Mitchel et al. (2019) states, there are many terms used to characterize the enduring trauma of Indigenous peoples; historical trauma, collective trauma, post-traumatic stress, intergenerational trauma, historical loss, post-traumatic stress response, colonial trauma, and colonial injury. Barriers that could arise when centering care around trauma-informed care are, service users not aware or acknowledging past traumas, avoiding asking certain question and allowing clients to disclose personal trauma, clients not wanting to disclose personal trauma that could affect the outcome of care, limited resources and knowledge from both the service user and provider, and any ongoing or lasting conflicts that may arise within the circle of care. The trauma that is affecting people today has been ongoing pain that stems from 5 centuries of intergenerational trauma lived through many family units. Ignoring the root causes and ability to work from past trauma will dramatically effect trauma-informed care practices.
Reference
Mitchell, T.; Arseneau, C.; & Thomas, D. (2019). Colonial Trauma: Complex, continuous, collective, cumulative and compounding effects on the health of Indigenous peoples in Canada and beyond. International Journal of Indigenous Health, 14 (2), 74–94. DOI 10.32799/ijih.v14i2.32251
Write an initial response to the following key question(s) or prompt(s): As the quotation below from the French AFD reveals, an example of a group of labors in low-cost countries who have long been deprived of equal pay for equal work are women.
The figures speak for themselves: 70% of people living on less than a dollar a day are women, as are two-thirds of illiterates. In certain countries, 50% of women are victims of violence. Women produce 50% of food and two-thirds of global labor, but only earn 10% of incomes. Women are discriminated against in all areas of society: employment, education, health, and governance. Yet they contribute to the development of countries through their work. A number of studies have demonstrated that reducing gender inequalities contributes to the equitable and sustainable development of countries.
Go to the ADF site to see the French government’s gender and development strategies. Reflect on the data in the quote above and on France’s strategies to combat these violations of compensatory justice as you respond to the Key Questions.
What are specific ethical pitfalls that underlie the French mitigation strategies?
How can your company leverage concessions from offshore providers to ensure progress in mitigating these pitfalls?
Which virtues would your company’s leadership need to demonstrate in order to accept responsibility to better these workers’ situations and to implement mitigation strategies for the ethical inequities?
Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain,” and “The worker deserves his wages.”. Verse 17, preceding this one, discussed the Elders in the church who do their work and should be well paid for that, since they are teaching and preaching. “Faithful church leaders should be supported and appreciated” (Tyndale, 2007, p. 1934).
Review the Introduction and statement of problems for familiarization. Most of the sections have been completed from previous work that is referenced in the template (Unit VII – Templ.pdf).
Complete the sections highlighted
Executive Summary
Recommendations
References (all 6 sections)
This assignment should be no less than three pages in length, follow APA-style formatting and guidelines, and use references and citations as necessary.
Conducting a survey within any organization is an essential examination and analysis process that provides insight into target markets, specific techniques and or data to make business decisions (Hiyari, 2021). Defining the population for a study involves two separate decisions: what unit to study, and the boundaries of the population (Displayr, n.d.). Commonly used units utilized within the population portion of this survey include, users, households, consumers, businesses, etc.. (Berkowitz, 2016). In this case the population assessment would be best made on family practitioners that are qualified during the current year within the region the survey is taking place.
A sampling frame is a database and/or list that can be used to identify quantitative and/or qualitative measures, which provide market research for a specific project, source and/or clientele (Sample Unit, n.d.). A data list and/or record of family practitioners that are associated to a national association in accordance with their geographic locations would be an appropriate suggestion within this case. A sampling unit within marketing research can refer to any type of person and/or thing that is being researched (Berkowitz, 2016). This sampling unit is more of a singular value within a database provided through research conducted (Sample Unit, n.d.). The specific geographic locations in this research example, would be appropriate for a sampling unit, as it offers sizes for grouping methods (Displayr, n.d.).
Peer 2
A sample is designed by collecting data from the target population which in this scenario would be the family practitioners who did not choose to specialize in pediatrics after graduation. The population is defined as “the entire group that you want to draw conclusions about” (Bhandari, 2020). The population for the practitioners that did not choose pediatrics as their specialty includes the family practitioners who were qualified to specialize in pediatrics nationwide but did not choose that specialty after graduating from American Academy of Pediatrics.
Sampling frames is a way to put all possible sampling units together and “the specific group of individuals that you will collect data from” (McCombes, 2022). In this scenario, there is no list of the family practitioners that did not specialize in pediatrics, but samples could be collected from the graduates of many medical colleges in a specific area and gather those samples as one to get a sampling frame. The sampling frame can also be done by accessing the practitioners that are a part of a national association such as American Academy of Pediatrics and determine those who did not choose pediatrics as their specialty in a certain geographical area.
The sampling unit is either an individual or a company sample, which in this case is newly graduated family practitioners who did not specialize in pediatrics after graduation. A sampling frame that can be used would be cluster sampling which “is a probability sampling method in which you divide a population into clusters, such as district of schools, and then randomly select some of these clusters as your sample” (Thomas, 2022)
You will analyze the data you collected and provided in your assignment last week. As you are working on each of the steps below, think about the analysis that you will provide to the research team. Follow the steps below to complete this analysis.
Copy the file you created in week 5 and rename the new one “YourName_COMP150_W6_Assignment”.
Open the file and duplicate the sheet where the initial table and data were created
Rename the new sheet as “sorting & filters” and move it to the right of the original sheet
Make the data look professional by using formatting options such as borders and table styles to place the data into a table.
Select one of the text-based data columns such as names, cities, or addresses and sort the data by Z to A.
Create a custom filter to any part of the data except where you did the sort. For example, if you sorted by patient’s name, then filter another set of data.
Duplicate the original sheet again and rename it as “conditional formatting”. Move it right after the “sorting & filters” sheet.
Implement conditional formatting to any of the number-based data sets. For example, showing higher numbers in green, while showing lower numbers in red.
Add an IF function and apply it to the entire set. For example, you could create a function that says if x number is higher than x number, then you are at risk. The purpose is to show how an IF function works so creativity it is permitted in how you use the function.
Use the “conditional formatting” sheet to create a pivot table.
The pivot table needs to be on its own sheet.
The pivot table needs to be meaningful so make sure to select data that will make it clear for your analysis.
The pivot table should have data selected on the columns, rows, and values fields. Make sure to consider the data when adding the values selection
Create a minimum of two charts. Make sure to select the right chart that explains your analysis. Each chart should be on its own sheet and should have a title. Make sure the purpose of the chart is self-explanatory just by looking at it.
Update the documentation sheet
Update the date.
Add all the new rows for the sheets created.
Provide a brief written analysis for each of the new sheets. Explain what you want the research team to learn about each sheet.
Review all the sheets to ensure it looks professional. Try to keep the same style, colors, and formatting, Make sure the file is named “YourName_COMP150_W6_Assignment” and submit the file