Define / Explain the philosophical subject: ‘Metaphysics’/ ‘Ontology’ (5 points)
True / False (1.5 points each = 21 points)
TRUE or FALSE: Thales sought to explain things in terms of his own reasoning and observations.
TRUE or FALSE: Thales was a ‘pluralist’ and an ‘idealist.’
TRUE or FALSE: Pythagoras was “the first (western) philosopher.”
TRUE or FALSE: ‘Monism’ claims that ultimate reality is ultimately ‘one.’
TRUE or FALSE: ‘Pluralism’ claims that ultimate reality is ultimatelymore-than-one / ‘many.’
TRUE or FALSE: ‘Stasis’ claims that ultimate reality is “always changing.”
TRUE or FALSE: The principal claim of ‘Idealism’ claims that ultimate reality is ‘unchanging.”
TRUE or FALSE: ‘Dynamism’ claims that ultimate reality is non-physical and consists of Mind, or “minds-and-ideas.”
TRUE or FALSE: ‘Physicalism’ claims that ultimate reality is ultimately material or physical in nature: “matter-in-motion.”
TRUE or FALSE: A ‘worldview’ is “a way of interpreting” reality and will influence what is believable and valuable and ‘do-able’for individual persons or for a group of people.
TRUE or FALSE: Worldviews are accounts (only) of reality held by individuals only – groups of people cannot share a worldview.
TRUE or FALSE: One’s worldview is ‘a way of interpreting reality.’
TRUE or FALSE: One’s worldview is ‘a way of responding to reality.’
TRUE or FALSE: One’s worldview is ‘a way of valuing reality.’
1301 Examination #2C Fall 2020
I. True / False (2 points each = 12 points)
TRUE or FALSE: In the experience/process of ‘deliberation’ we seem to be making choices that are “up to us” and not “fixed by the past” – we seem to be deciding what we will do.
TRUE or FALSE: If Universal Causal Determinism is true, we do not truly deliberate or make “genuine decisions between genuinealternatives” – as our desires and choices (and actions) are “fixed by the past.”
TRUE or FALSE: If Universal Causal Determinism is correct, then nothing that happens and nothing that we do “could have beenotherwise’”
TRUE or FALSE: One’s view regarding free will vs. determinism has no implications for one’s view of ‘moral responsibility.’
TRUE or FALSE: One’s view regarding free will vs. determinism has no impact for one’s understanding of ‘rationality and truth.’
TRUE or FALSE: One’s view regarding free will vs. determinism has no implications for one’s understanding of ‘human dignity.’
I. Multiple Choice (3 points each = 12 points)
1. ‘Universal Causal Determinism’ is the view that:
Everything that happens, happens because God wills it – and what God wills “must” happen
Everything that happens, happens in spite of what people do – like Oedipus killing his father and marrying his mother
‘Physical’ events that happen “must” happen and could not ‘not-happen’ – because of prior physical causes
‘Mental’ events that happen “must” happen – could not ‘not-happen’ – because of prior physical causes
All human thoughts and actions “must” happen – could not ‘not-happen’
I. Multiple Choice (3 points each = 12 points)
1. ‘Universal Causal Determinism’ is the view that:
Everything that happens, happens because God wills it – and what God wills “must” happen
Everything that happens, happens in spite of what people do – like Oedipus killing his father and marrying his mother
‘Physical’ events that happen “must” happen and could not ‘not-happen’ – because of prior physical causes
‘Mental’ events that happen “must” happen – could not ‘not-happen’ – because of prior physical causes
All human thoughts and actions “must” happen – could not ‘not-happen’
C and D and E
A and B and E
2. Hard Determinism:
affirms, without qualification, ‘universal causal determinism’
Rejects universal causal determinism
Affirms a significant sense of ‘freewill’
denies any sense of ‘free will’
denies moral responsibility
A and D and E
A and C
3. Compatibilism:
affirms, without qualification, ‘universal causal determinism’
Rejects universal causal determinism
Affirms determinism and agent-freedom are ‘compatible’
affirms agent-freedom of “genuine choices among real possibilities”
affirms agent-freedom of ‘free action’ rather than ‘free will’
B and D and E
A and C and E
4. Libertarianism / Libertarian Free Will:\
rejects any form of causal determinism
Rejects universal causal determinism
affirms agent-freedom of “genuine choices between real possibilities”
affirms moral responsibility
affirms that in a free action “one could have done otherwise”
A and C and E
B and C and D and E
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