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Enhancing Employee Well-being through Flexible Work Arrangements

Topic is Enhancing Employee Well-being through Flexible Work Arrangements 

Locate the “Prospectus Template” on the DC Network and download either the quantitative or qualitative template depending on your selected methodology. This assignment requires the inclusion of at least two scholarly research sources related to this topic and at least one in-text citation from each source. Based on the methodology of your potential dissertation topic, select the appropriate prospectus template: “Quantitative Prospectus PPT” or “Qualitative Prospectus PPT.” Revise/complete the following template slides to describe and defend your potential study. Your choices must be defended with relevant current research. Proposed Dissertation Topic Title My Topic is Enhancing Employee Well-being through Flexible Work Arrangements Alignment Table (fill in from corresponding slides below). Note: The purpose statement box is not required for this assignment. Literature Review: Background to the Problem Literature Review: Problem Space Literature Review: Theoretical Foundations Literature Review: Review of Literature Problem Statement Variables (if quantitative) or Phenomenon (if qualitative) Research Questions (and Hypotheses if quantitative) Methodology Justification. Note: Include a rationale for not choosing the other methodology. Design. Note: Complete the entire table per the slide requirements. Feasibility.

1.     Proposed Dissertation Topic Title Must be 12 words or less 2.     Alignment Table (fill in from corresponding slides below). Note: The purpose statement box is not required for this assignment. 3.     Literature Review: Background to the Problem 2-3 paragraphs written GCU style: no citation in the first sentence (topic sentence), supporting citations and no citation at end of the paragraph. This is to be about the history of the issue. For your final Proposal, this section will be the history of the research on the issue. 4.     Literature Review: Problem Space Your 5 empirical articles from 2020-23 and each written following this formula: Citation, “conducted a (method/design) study with (# participants) to investigate (what) and found (what). The recommendation for further research was (what?). 5.     Literature Review: Theoretical Foundations: graphic of the theory you are using with an arrow to the parts you are choosing. (If quant—this theory comes from the instruments and you are using the entire theory). Author of the theory and citation 6.     Literature Review: Review of Literature: list only the topics—you do not need to start to populate the topics yet. But if you have started—go ahead and include. NOTE: these topics must align with either your variables (quant) or theory (qual) 7.     Problem Statement: Align with the method you are using 8.     Variables (if quantitative) or Phenomenon (if qualitative) Use the feedback from previous assignments 9.     Research Questions (and Hypotheses if quantitative) 10.   Methodology Justification. Two cited definitions for EACH method; summary for each method “this method is most appropriate when…”; AND 1-3 studies on your topic that are recommending further research using your method. 11.   Design. Qual: all five designs; Quant: all six designs. TWO cited definitions for each with a summary: “This design is most appropriate when… 12.   Feasibility:  Follow the prompts that are listed in the notes section of the PPT

My draft from previous assignment Enhancing Employee Well-being through Flexible Work Arrangements       

Introduction    

Business-related pressure, burnout, and the battle to balance serious and fun activities have become huge difficulties in current working environments. Associations have gone to adaptable work plans, like working from home and strategic scheduling, to resolve these issues (Weideman & Hofmeyr, 2020). In any case, the effectiveness of adaptable work game plans in further developing representative prosperity remains unsure.

The Existence of the Problem and the Need for Additional Research

Ongoing investigations have featured the pervasiveness of business-related pressure, burnout, and diminished balance between serious and fun activities among workers, stressing the need to resolve these issues. Organizations have recognized the significance of offering work flexibility to mitigate the difficulties posed by today’s workplace requirements (Ab Wahab and Tatoglu, E. (2020). Adaptable work courses of action, like working from home, strategic scheduling, packed work-filled weeks, and occupation sharing, offer representatives more prominent command over their plans for getting work done and areas, taking into account further developed work-life reconciliation.

However, regardless of the rising adoption of adaptable work courses of action, the viability of these practices in further developing representative prosperity stays uncertain. While certain investigations have announced positive results, such as decreased pressure and expanded work fulfillment, others have found blended results or adverse consequences on representative prosperity (Weideman & Hofmeyr, 2020). These irregularities feature the requirement for additional examination to comprehend the effect of adaptable work plans on representative prosperity and recognize best practices for execution. 

Furthermore, the research questions probe into the mechanisms and contextual factors surrounding this phenomenon. For instance, “How do flexible work arrangements affect work-life balance and stress levels amongst employees?” and “Are there generational or demographic transformations in the insight of flexible work arrangements on employee well-being?” investigate into the fundamental processes and possible variations in the impact of flexible work arrangements. The questions help uncover the nuances and complications associated with the phenomenon, auxiliary addressing the problem statement (Mache et al., 2020). The research questions are designed to systematically investigate the problem statement’s concerns concerning the impact of flexible work arrangements on employee well-being, cracking light on the phenomenon’s numerous facets and causative to a more inclusive understanding of this important workplace issue.

How might the answers to the research questions inform the problem space?

The answers to the research questions may considerably inform the problem space by offering an all-inclusive understanding of the link between flexible work arrangements and employee well-being. Perceptions gained from the research may direct organizations in tailoring their policies and practices to enhance well-being, which is particularly crucial in the context of evolving workplace dynamics. Knowledge of the most operative types of flexible work arrangements may help organizations make informed decisions on which options to offer, leading to advanced employee satisfaction and retaining. Understanding how flexible work arrangements impact work-life balance and stress levels can inform beleaguered interventions to alleviate stress and improve work-life coordination (Mache et al., 2020). Likewise, identifying generational or demographic differences in employees’ discernments can help organizations implement inclusive and impartial policies. The research findings may directly shape the problem space by offering actionable information for organizations to augment their approach to flexible work arrangements, eventually fostering a healthier and more fruitful workforce.

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Theoretical foundation that will ground the study

The study on is grounded in the Job-Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model, which hypothesizes that employees’ well-being is affected by job demands and job resources. Flexible work arrangements, including teleworking, flexible hours, and compacted workweeks, can be viewed as valuable job resources that enable employees gain greater autonomy and control over their work. According to the JD-R Model, these arrangements can alleviate the negative effects of job demands, like high workload and job-related stress, finally leading to improved employee well-being (Ray and Pana, 2021). By investigating how flexible work arrangements affect employees’ perceptions of job demands, resources, and their general well-being, the study seeks to contribute to the existing body of research on work-related well-being and offer insights into how establishments can successfully utilize flexible work arrangements to augment the health and satisfaction of their workforce.

Key concepts/Constructs of the study

The theoretical foundation and conceptual framework for the study on “Enhancing Employee Well-being through Flexible Work Arrangements” comprise several essential concepts and constructs. The first one is Flexible Work Arrangements (FWAs). The core of the study, FWAs encompass various methods such as telecommuting, flextime, and compressed workweeks, allowing employees to have more control over their work schedules and locations. The second one is Employee Well-being. This multifaceted construct represents the overall health and satisfaction of employees, encompassing physical, emotional, and psychological dimensions, including job satisfaction, work-life balance, and stress levels.

This is followed by Job-Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model. In this case, a theoretical framework that introduces the concepts of job demands and job resources to explain their effects on employee well-being, with FWAs acting as potential resources to mitigate job demands. The other one is Self-Determination Theory (SDT). This puts a lot of emphasis on intrinsic motivation, SDT inspects how autonomy, competence, and relatedness can influence employee well-being and how FWAs might contribute to fulfilling these needs. The other one is Social Exchange Theory.  This is a concept that explores the reciprocal dynamics in social relationships, suggesting that employees may respond positively to organizations offering supportive work arrangements like FWAs through increased commitment and well-being. The last one is Positive Psychology. Rooted in positive emotions, engagement, and meaning, positive psychology principles are applied to understand how FWAs may contribute to enhanced employee happiness and satisfaction.

Generational and Demographic Differences: Acknowledging the influence of factors such as age, gender, and demographics on employee perceptions and experiences of FWAs, this aspect adds depth to the analysis, allowing for a nuanced understanding of the impact of FWAs on diverse employee groups. The key concepts and constructs cooperatively form the underpinning of the study, guiding the investigation into how FWAs affect employee well-being and the fundamental mechanisms inside the affiliation.

Explain how the theories or conceptual frameworks guide the research topic identified from the problem space

The selected theories and conceptual frameworks play a very significant role in guiding the research topic acknowledged from the problem space. For instance, in this study, the Job-Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model directs the examination by helping identify the specific job demands and resources related to flexible work arrangements (FWAs) and how the elements affect employee well-being. Self-Determination Theory (SDT) offers insight into the mental aspects of motivation and autonomy, helping elucidate why and how FWAs might impact employees’ well-being. Social Exchange Theory directs the exploration of the mutuality between employees and organizations when it comes to FWAs, shedding light on the possible benefits and costs involved. Positive Psychology philosophies give a lens through which to inspect the positive emotional and engagement aspects of well-being associated with FWAs. The frameworks cooperatively inform the research’s structure, theories, and understanding, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the topic within the problem space.Top of Form

Defend why the theoretical foundation or conceptual framework was selected over other alternatives.

The chosen theoretical foundation and conceptual framework were chosen over other alternatives because they offer a holistic perspective and a well-established basis for comprehending the complex relationship between flexible work arrangements (FWAs) and employee well-being. The Job-Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model, Self-Determination Theory (SDT), Social Exchange Theory, and Positive Psychology principles cooperatively offer a comprehensive framework that considers psychological, social, and organizational aspects of the topic. The frameworks are widely recognized and expansively studied, making them well-suited for guiding research in this field and ensuring the robustness and reliability of the study’s findings.

Relationships between the components

The components of the selected theoretical foundation and conceptual framework are inter-linked in a way that improves our comprehension of the research phenomenon. The Job-Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model identifies job demands and resources related to flexible work arrangements (FWAs), explicating their effects on employee well-being. Self-Determination Theory (SDT) helps expound the psychological areas of motivation and self-sufficiency, skimpy why and how FWAs influence well-being. Social Exchange Theory guides the examination of the reciprocal dynamics between employees and organizations in the context of FWAs. Positive Psychology philosophies offer insights into the positive emotions and engagement linked with well-being through FWAs. Together, the constituents offer a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of how FWAs affect employee well-being, considering psychological, social, and organizational magnitudes.

Problem Framing: Size and Scope of the Problem

The issue undermining the study involves analyzing the effect of adaptable work game plans on representative prosperity. Work-related stress, burnout, and poor work-life balance between serious and fun activities have huge ramifications for the two people and associations. Representatives encountering these difficulties are bound to experience the ill effects of diminished work fulfillment, decreased efficiency, and expanded turnover rates (Weideman & Hofmeyr, 2020). In addition, the negative effects can impact overall organizational outcomes like employee engagement, organizational commitment, and performance beyond the individual level.

The size and extent of the issue are significant, taking into account the rising pervasiveness of adaptable work game plans and the rising interest in work-life joining. With the fast development of remote work because of mechanical progressions and the COVID-19 pandemic, associations need to comprehend how various kinds of adaptable work game plans impact representative prosperity. This understanding is imperative for associations to foster successful methodologies that advance representative prosperity, keep up with efficiency, and encourage a positive workplace (Ray & Pana-Cryan, 2021). 

Variables Derived from the Problem Space

In this quantitative study, two key factors have been identified: flexible work arrangements and employee well-being. Employees can choose from flexible work options that give them more control over their work schedules and locations (Rozlan & Subramaniam, 2020). These choices incorporate working from home, which permits representatives to work remotely; strategic scheduling, which empowers representatives to have adaptable beginning and end times; compacted work-filled weeks, which include working longer hours on fewer days; furthermore, work sharing, where at least two representatives share the obligations of a solitary position. These various kinds of adaptable work courses of action are fundamental to looking at their effect on representative prosperity.

The concept of employee well-being is multifaceted and includes a variety of aspects of an individual’s overall well-being. Regarding this review, representative prosperity incorporates aspects, for example, actual well-being, mental prosperity, balance between serious and fun activities, work fulfillment, and personal satisfaction. These aspects mirror the comprehensive idea of prosperity and catch the key regions impacted by business-related pressure, burnout, and diminished balance between serious and fun activities (Ray & Pana-Cryan, 2021).

The issue space upholds these factors by featuring the difficulties representatives face in balancing fun and serious activities and the likely advantages of adaptable work game plans in tending to those difficulties. The pervasiveness of business-related pressure and burnout and the adverse consequence of balancing fun and serious activities highlight the need to examine the connection between adaptable work plans and representative prosperity. By looking at these factors, the review expects to give experiences into how various sorts of adaptable work courses of action can impact different elements of representative prosperity.

Concise and Focused Problem Statement

“The issue of work-related stress, burnout, and reduced work-life balance between fun and serious activities has become progressively prevalent, requiring the investigation of the effect of adaptable work game plans on representative prosperity. This quantitative review intends to explore the connection between various kinds of adaptable work plans and different components of representative prosperity, giving experimental proof and commonsense suggestions for associations to improve representative prosperity and advance supportable workplaces.”

By acknowledging the problem’s statement and the need to comprehend the impact of flexible work arrangements on employee well-being, this problem statement effectively addresses the problem space. It expresses the review’s goal: to examine the connection between adaptable work courses of action and representative prosperity across numerous aspects (Ray & Pana-Cryan, 2021). The articulation of the issue also underlines the meaning of the concentrate by featuring its capability to give exact proof and functional suggestions for associations looking to develop representative prosperity further and establish reasonable workplaces.

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Examine what type of organizational arrangements do you see the two firms using in coordinating their worldwide operations? 

Every MNC tries to drive down costs by getting its goods and services to the market in the most efficient way. Good examples include auto firms such as Ford Motor and Volkswagen, which have worldwide operations. In recent years Ford has begun expanding into Europe and VW has begun setting up operations in Latin America. By building cars closer to the market, these companies hope to reduce their costs and be more responsive to local needs. 

At the same time this strategy requires a great deal of organization and coordination. Visit the websites of both firms and examine the scope of their operations. The web addresses are www.ford.com and www.vw.com. 

Then, based on your findings, 

Examine what type of organizational arrangements do you see the two firms using in coordinating their worldwide operations? 

Which of the two companies has the more modern arrangement? 

Do you think this increases that firm’s efficiency, or does it hamper the company’s efforts to contain costs and be more competitive? Why?

*As a guide to answering this assignment refer to the IM topics ‘Entry Strategies and Organizational Structures’ e.g. Chapter 9 of Luthans and Doh and ppt notes provided. INSTRUCTIONS 1) You must provide references. References should use the American Psychological Association (APA) format. 2) References should include the latest journal/book publication (year 2000 and onwards).

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Alternate Work Arrangements

Question at the end of the instructions must be answered
Various alternative work arrangements exist for use in businesses and other types of organizations; included among the options are compressed work weeks, flexible work schedules, telecommuting, and job sharing. This case focuses on alternative work arrangements in general rather than on a particular one exclusively; however, telecommuting does receive additional attention.The case revolves around the potential advantages and disadvantages that are associated with alternative work arrangements, and the factors that are contributing to an increased use of various alternative work arrangements by employers. With respect to the various advantages and disadvantage that are identified in the case, the positives seem to outweigh the negatives. “Organizations that offer flexible working arrangements are, and will continue to be, employers of choice. ¼ Employees consistently rank flexible schedules high on their list of desired benefits; employers who are reluctant to offer these popular perks will find themselves falling short in the bidding wars for talent.” The case identifies three underlying factors that are driving the movement toward the increased utilization of alternative work arrangements in many different workplaces. These factors are: (a) the needs, desires, and expectations of workers for greater flexibility at work; (b) fuel costs and fuel consumption associated with commuting, and the related carbon footprint impact; and (c) the restrictive impact of the 2008-2009 economic recession on job opportunities.The case concludes by pointing out that many nations have experimented successfully with various flexible work programs and some countries have enacted legislation promoting alternative work arrangements. It then poses the question: “Will the United States government and American businesses be adequately prepared to meet future economic challenges, at least in part, by embracing the movement toward increasing use of alternative work arrangements?”Case Study – Alternative Work Arrangements: Possible Solutions for a Plethora of Problems?Alternative work arrangements, such as compressed work weeks, flexible work schedules, telecommuting, or job sharing, can have positive and negative consequences for employers and employees. In general, alternative work arrangements can generate beneficial outcomes, particularly for employers, such as “increased employee retention, loyalty and morale; higher productivity; improved recruiting of highly qualified workers; decreased employee tardiness and unscheduled absences; and maximum use of facilities and equipment.” On the employees’ side, telecommuting—one type of alternative work arrangement—has favorable effects on perceived autonomy, the resolution of work–family conflicts, job performance, job satisfaction, and the experience of stress. What is more, it does not harm perceived career prospects or the quality of workplace relationships. On the downside, however, are the challenges associated with making these programs work for both employer and employees: handling issues regarding employee training, work monitoring, and performance evaluation; maintaining lines of communication with bosses and coworkers; and changing the attitudes of managers who might be uncomfortable with anything other than traditional working arrangements.On balance the positives seem to outweigh the negatives. “Organizations that offer flexible working arrangements are, and will continue to be, employers of choice.¼ Employees consistently rank flexible schedules high on their list of desired benefits; employers who are reluctant to offer these popular perks will find themselves falling short in the bidding wars for talent.”Although alternative work arrangements can be highly beneficial for both employers and employees, we need to ask the question: “What seems to be the underlying factors that are driving the movement toward the increased utilization of alternative work arrangements in many different workplaces?” One factor reflects the needs and desires of workers. “Many people today are seeking flexibility at work. Parents ¼ may want more time for family. Students hope to fit employment into a busy class schedule. And some people look for work after retirement. Whatever their situation, they’re not alone in wanting a job that’s a better match for their lives.”Younger workers and those nearing retirement age are two particular segments of the workforce that can be meaningfully targeted by employers offering various alternative work arrangements. Younger workers are entering the workforce with different expectations than previous generations of workers. Whereas their parents were work-centric, most members of Generations X and Y give priority to their personal lives; or at the very least they desire to balance their work lives and personal lives. Sharif Khan, vice-president of human resources at Microsoft Canada, says, “Gen X and Gen Y are coming into the workplace with the expectation that they’re going to be treated as individuals, [who] ¼ want to be able to fit their life and their work together comfortably, as opposed to focusing on work and dealing with life after the fact.”Another important demographic group in the workforce consists of those individuals nearing retirement. “Baby Boomers are reaching retirement age. While many Boomers may choose to stretch their retirement date based on some combination of lifestyle choice and recent market developments, many are opting for less-demanding positions or reduced workloads.” “By 2020, 16 percent of the U.S. population will be age 65 and over, up from 12 percent in 1999. ¼ Yet leaders of many organizations ignore aging workforce issues despite the potential problems they see coming, and some damage seems likely to occur before the issues receive appropriate attention.” “[T]he size of the Baby Boomer demographic group exceeds current graduating classes, and replacing their experience will be a challenge for most firms.”Increasingly, business and governmental organizations are adopting alternative work arrangements for economic reasons. For example, a May 2008 poll conducted by the Society for Human Resource Management indicated that 18 percent of responding organizations offered telecommuting in order to help employees with rising fuel costs. Four months later, with fuel prices continuing to soar, the percentage of organizations offering the telecommuting option had risen to 40 percent. In October 2008, when gasoline prices were peaking, Ann Bednarz, writing in Network World, reported that “[g]as shortages in the Southeast United States are prompting companies to consider expanding their telework programs so employees can conserve fuel. Other options workers are weighing include greater use of carpools and public transit, along with alternative scheduling arrangements such as four-day work weeks.”In addition to the dramatic increase in fuel costs in the summer and autumn of 2008, concerns about global warming and long commutes have fostered interest in alternative arrangements. Moreover, two recession-related factors could lead more employees to seek out long-distance telecommuting options for at least part of their time on the job. First, the slow housing market limits people’s ability to move to new jobs. Consequently, rather than physically commuting a long distance for a new job, part-time, long-distance telecommuting could be an option. Second, the weak job market that has been caused by the recession appears to be increasing the number of commuter marriages wherein the spouses work in different cities. Here too, part-time, long-distance telecommuting might be a viable option.Many nations have experimented successfully with various flexible work programs; and indeed, some countries have enacted laws to make alternative work arrangements more accessible to employees. Although the United States has not enacted such legislation, the demographic and economic changes that are occurring may result in alternative work arrangements laws that “could play an important role in preparing the U.S. economy for the future.”Will the U.S. government and American businesses be adequately prepared to meet future economic challenges, at least in part, by embracing the movement toward increasing use of alternative work arrangements?This case was written by Michael K. McCuddy, The Louis S. and Mary L. Morgal Chair of Christian Business Ethics and Professor of Management, College of Business Administration, Valparaiso University.In your paper discuss the following questions with concepts from the course:1. How can employees benefit from alternative work arrangements?  Why?2. What are some of the possible negative outcomes for employers and/or employees regarding alternative work arrangements? Please explain your answer.3. What types of factors are influencing organizations to consider using alternative work arrangements? Explain how alternative work arrangements can address the problems/issues that are raised by these factors.4. Should the availability of alternative work arrangements to employees in the United States be mandated by law? Why or why not?

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Business: Alternate Work Arrangements

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Alternative Work Arrangements: Are they Possible Solutions for a Plethora of Problems?

How Employees can Benefit from Alternative Work Arrangements

            An alternative work arrangement benefits the employers and the employees. An employee on alternative work arrangement has more flexibility as it offers him/her the ability to combine work and family matters. The use of telecommuting, for instance, offers one the opportunity to work from home, and this helps in reducing the work-relationship issues. Moreover, alternative work arrangements, such as part-time and four-day work, help in cushioning the employees against the effects of increased fuel costs.

Finally, alternative work creates flexibility, which is of great benefit to the old workers nearing retirement age and the young generations, who need more balance between their work schedules and lifestyles.

Some of the Possible Negative Outcomes for Employers and/or Employees Regarding Alternative Work Arrangements          

The use of alternative work arrangements is not……………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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