Discussion 1 | Episode 1 EPISODE ONE: THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN US
Should doctors and other health professionals take biological race into account when diagnosing and treating illness? Why? Can you think of a situation where thinking about race as biological might be misleading or have a negative effect? How would considering social race be different?
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Initial Post Due Friday 11:59 pm, Secondary Sunday at 11:59 pm
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There is no specific word count, but 200-500 words are probably adequate.
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20 Points possible
4 Points – Displays a great understanding of the concepts in the assignment
4 Points – Utilizes APA formatting
4 Points – Clear and concise writing with no errors in grammar, spelling, or context.
4 Points – Make a timely initial response.
4 Points – Make a timely and appropriate secondary response. (see tips)
1. In Willrich’s article, he uses a quote from a chief justice from the Municipal Court of Chicago. This sums up the belief of eugenics. How does this belief in Eugenics different than what we studied in the classical period (Think John Locke and Beccaria).
2. Willrich argues that eugenics led to a reform in the criminal justice system that he calls “eugenic jurisprudence.” Explain what this is and what institutions he points to as a symptom of this eugenic jurisprudence.
3. If you had to explain Lombroso to someone who does not study crime (or who had not taken this class) what would you say to them? (Give at least 3 points).
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Assessment task 3 – Case study analysis Assignment Content Overview Type: Case study analysis (Individual task) Weighting: 50% Length: 1500 words (excluding reference list) Material: Covered in weeks 2 to 4 Aligned subject learning outcomes: SLO2. Critically evaluate and apply theoretical models and methods of the biological bases of behaviour to propose solutions to current global health challenges; SLO3. Communicate proposed solutions to current global health challenges to a variety of audiences. In this task you will be required to critically evaluate research from areas of the biological bases of behavior, and use the research to propose solutions to a global health issue that is directly aligned to a Sustainable Development Goal. Your response will take the form of a population-based case study analysis. The following steps apply: Choose a population-based case study from the three categories provided below, and select one of the specific options. You must focus on one of the assignations below, otherwise a grade of zero will be awarded for this assessment. Identify the challenge for the particular case study and population option, and formulate a research question to focus on, including the methodological approaches and research inclusions and exclusions for the literature review. Conduct a literature review on your question to evaluate the current research in behavioural neuroscience. Write up your case study in the following format. a. The first section of your submission will provide an overview of the case study, and the overarching aim of your analysis of it. Write this first as you will use this synopsis to formulate a scope of your literature review. Be sure to include concise information to inform the reader about the population and the challenge (recommended word limit: 200). b. Detail your research question because the research question will determine the review method, the literature sourced, and the focus. A research question in this context is the stated aim/focus of the review that you have set out to have answered by the review process. At this point, detail the inclusion/exclusion criteria for the literature (this is how you determine what literature to include in the review), and explain the reasoning behind these considerations. Use this as an opportunity to really define your review aim and method and its focus (recommended word limit: 200). c. Present your evidence-based literature review, critically evaluating the research as it applies to your case study, your aim, and your research question; and provide discussion on behavioural neuroscience evidence-based solutions to the identified issue. Depending on topic and focus, your critical evaluation might involve, for example, weighing up the balance of the evidence in relation to what has been shown to work or not work) and then providing a clearly stated determination for the reader (recommended word limit: 900). d. The final section of your submission will provide a succinct overview of your findings of the literature review, and your recommended behavioural neuroscience evidence-based solution(s) to the challenge as it applies to the target population (recommended word limit: 200). Notes relevant to your submission: • You must adhere to APA 7 formatting requirements, including in-text citations and referencing • You must focus on one of the assignations below, otherwise a grade of zero will be awarded. Categories Digital Neuropsychology The health challenge topics in this section align to the Sustainable Development Goal #3, to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. Digital neuropsychology provides new approaches for measuring and monitoring neuropsychological functioning (including computerized neuropsychological assessment devices). In this topic you will recommend the potential uses for digital neuropsychology (including computerised neuropsychological assessment devices) in the diagnosis, or treatment or rehabilitation of a neurological condition aligned to the currently recognised global health challenge of good health and well-being. Choose one of the following topics as your population case study: Option 1 Diagnosis OR treatment of Adults with Multiple Sclerosis Option 2 Diagnosis OR treatment of people with Acquired Brain Injury Option 3 Cognitive rehabilitation of adults with drug addiction/addictive disorders. Neurobiology of aggression The health challenge topics in this section align with the Sustainable Development Goal #16 to significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. Studies related to the neurobiology of aggression provide us with a more sophisticated understanding of the mechanisms underpinning antisocial behaviour, moral decision making, and violent offending. Research has suggested potential links between brain structures, hormones, biological functioning in the body and aggressive behaviour. This topic is focused on the development of neurobiological evidence-based methodologies that can be employed in the diagnosis or treatment of antisocial behaviour. Your target groups are as follows: Option 1 Diagnosis of Violent Offenders to assist with targeted treatment Option 2 Treatment for the perpetrators of domestic violence to prevent re-offending. Healthy and disordered eating: The obesity epidemic The health challenge topic in this section aligns to the Sustainable Development Goal #3 to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages; and #12 to ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns. According to the World Health Organisation (2016), there were around 2 billion adults who were categorised as being overweight, 650 million of which were obese. It has been suggested that the worldwide prevalence of obesity tripled between 1975 and 2016. Calculations indicate, based on current trends, that there will likely be in the order of 2.7 billion overweight adults, in excess of 1 billion adults affected by obesity, and 177 million adults severely affected by obesity by 2025. Your task is to recommend neurobiological evidence-based therapeutic (treatment or management) strategies to address obesity caused by food addiction. Choose one of the groups listed below as the basis of your population case study: Option 1 Overweight primary school children displaying excessive eating behaviours, and who has parents that are obese Option 2 Single, working, middle-aged males who are obese and have been diagnosed with food addiction
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Premium papers. We provide the highest quality papers in the writing industry. Our company only employs specialized professional writers who take pride in satisfying the needs of our huge client base by offering them premium writing services Critically evaluate and apply theoretical models and methods of the biological bases of behaviour to propose solutions to current global health challenges
For this assignment you will apply the knowledge you’ve gained from reading and discussing Dorothy Roberts’ Fatal Invention to a contemporary issue found in traditional written news outlets (e.g., newspapers and magazines) or the blogosphere. Select an instance where the myth of the biological concept of race is being used in medicine/pharmacy, ancestry testing, or criminal justice and write a 2-3 page paper that includes the following: 1. Describe (contextualize) the issue: What incident took/is taking place? Where and when did it happen? Who are the parties involved? Where did you first come across this event/incident? (cite using the proper in-text APA formatting and include in bibliography) 2. Digging deeper into the use of science: Explain how science is being used to justify what happened. Using what you’ve learned from the Roberts book, critique the logic and reasoning of those defining race as a biological concept. Where are they going wrong? 3. Those who benefit and those who suffer: Who benefits from science being used in this way? How? Think about both immediate and long-term benefits. What are the potential detrimental effects of using science in this way? Why? Think about both immediate and long-term consequences. Does this issue relate to any specific fights for social justice? 4. Personal reflection: How is the issue related to your life, experiences, feelings and ideas? For instance, what emotions did exploring this topic arouse in you? You must include a bibliography.
The spirometer is used to measure lung capacity among people. It has implications on clinical diagnoses, disability measurements and pre-employment medical analysis. However, the spirometer has embedded internal corrections to show that blacks have a lower lung capacity, leading to implicit discrimination in diagnosis, self-awareness and employment.
Still widely used today, the spirometer can be traced to a study by Benjamin A Gould in the 19th century to quantify the bodies of Union borders soldiers after the American Civil War. As discussed by Shaban (2014), the study showed that blacks have an inherent biological deficiency of having lower lung capacity.
2. Scientific justification
Following Gould’s study, a scientific consensus that whites have higher lung capacity emerged and was developed over the next few decades. While Gould’s study was quantitative and looked accurate and objective, he did not offer explanations for his findings. But due to politics, Gould’s study was preferred to other more accurate, qualitative studies such as those of Jedidiah H Baxter, Kelly Miller and WB Du Bois. The blind acceptance of Gould’s findings led to a spirometer that has inbuilt correctional facility triggered by the required racial identification. The spirometer design and production is hence based on beliefs and values rather than empirical scientific research.
The spirometer negates studies of the human genome that show there are more differences in genetic makeup within a race than across races. Most genetic differences are hence a result of individual personality and characteristics rather than race. The studies that attribute racial differences in lung capacity further ignore environmental and economic factors. It has been established that people who live in highly polluted areas have lower lung capacity, the abode for many of the traditionally economically deprive who constitute many blacks.
3. Consequences
The spirometer validates race biologically, leading to misdiagnosis of people based on the sociological construction of race. In the short-term it denies those perceived as black opportunities enabled by accurate measurement of their lung capacity, such as employment opportunities. The benefactors are the whites who are seen as having better lung capacities.
The lack of opportunities for blacks affects their livelihoods such as diet and health. It also increases crime rate among the group as the deprived try to uplift their lot in all ways possible despite the employment rejection. By wrongly labeling people as disabled due to incorrect spirometer measurement, it also lowers the people’s self-esteem. In the long-term, it affects their economic situation by lowering the earning potential. Further, it affects their life expectancy, leading to passing on of economic struggles to their dependents and subsequent generations.
4. Reflections
The spirometer has led to stereotyping of many blacks as unworthy of employment and susceptible to being criminals. The consequences have been that various security agencies such as some police departments racially profile the afflicted, leading to unnecessary deaths and tension in the community and society. Tension is further escalated by the sense………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Seth, a psychology graduate student, theorizes motivations are gut-level, biological reactions that can’t be voluntarily controlled or modified. Use your knowledge of research and
Name and explain the theory that supports his claim. Include a real life scenario that provides evidence of this position. (5 pts)
Name and explain a theory that refutes or argues against his claim. Include a real life scenario that provides evidence of this position. (5 pts)