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Potential complications of colorectal bowel cancer

 POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS: There are several complications an individual can experience with colorectal bowel cancer. To name a few, potential complications of colorectal bowel cancer include:

  • Blockage of the colon, which causes bowel obstruction.
  • Cancer returning in the colon.
  • Infection, blood clots and bleeding following the surgery.
  • Difficulty drinking or eating.
    Cancer spreading to other organs or tissues.
  • Hernia.
  • Jaundice.
  • Advanced bowel cancer (stages I to III).
  • Formation of stoma.
  • Formation of fissures, strictures, and fistulas.

(“Colorectal cancer”, 2022

Colorectal Bowel Cancer

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Colorectal bowel cancer has several signs and symptoms. Some people may experience general symptoms while others could experience more severe symptoms. Signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer depend on the location, shape, and size of the lesion. This includes the following:

  • Abdominal pain, bloating, frequent gas, or cramping.
  • Change in bowel habits such as constipation, loose stools, more frequent bowel movement, constipation, and narrower stool.
  • Anaemia (tiredness, weakness, or breathlessness).
  • Rectal bleeding or blood in stool.
  • A lump in the anus or rectum.
  • Palpable mass.
  • Tenesmus.

(Nurgali & Wildbore, 2019).

RISK FACTORS

Bowel cancer is cancer in any part of the large bowel, either the colon or rectum. (“Bowel cancer”, 2021). There are several factors that may increase the risk of an individual developing this condition. In saying this, these factors include:

  • Consuming large amounts of processed and red meat.
  • Alcohol consumption (more than two drinks per day).
  • Smoking (more than two packs a day).
  • Not exercising regularly.
  • Unhealthy high fat diet/obesity. (BMI

> 25)

  • Age (50+ risk increases).
  • Family history (3 in 10 cases).
  • Genetic mutation (1 in 10 cases).
  • Inflammatory bowel disease (Chron’s disease and Ulcerative colitis).
  • Colon Polyps

(“Bowel cancer (colon and rectal cancer)”, 2020)

Colorectal Bowel Cancer

NURSING PRIORITIY – PERSON-CENTRED CARE DURING THE PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD

Person-centred care implies having access to a medical care professional that is emotionally and physically present through a perioperative process. According to Health Direct (2020), colorectal cancer occurs in the anal canal, rectum, or the large intestines. In saying this, bowel cancer often begins from small growths in the adenomas (polyps) or the inner lining of the bowel. In most cases, it is treated by surgery which is often associated with several postoperative complications such as fistula, urinary tract infection, postoperative bleeding, surgical site infection, bowel ileus or obstruction, pneumonia, and anastomotic leakage (Pallan et al., 2021). In addition to this, such complications can deteriorate an individual’s mental and physical capacity; hence, registered nurses are required to offer person-centred care during this period. Besides, it is possible that bowel cancer might reoccur in the same site or another location in a human’s body. Since the perioperative journey can be difficult, healthcare professionals must increase the availability and provision of psychological, educational, and training resources to meet the complex perioperative coping styles and needs of a patient who has colorectal bowel cancer.

Nurgali & Wildbore (2019) stated that it is the responsibility of healthcare professionals to provide education and support to patients to make sure that they would engage in self-care behaviours and be confident once they are discharged. For instance, colorectal bowel cancer patients should be provided with important information on modifiable risks such as regular exercise, quitting smoking and drinking, and eating a healthy diet (Nurgali & Wildbore, 2019). In saying this, it is also vital to provide person-centred care by teaching and educating patients and their families or caregivers on how to manage post-surgery symptoms, how to correctly treat and manage the surgery wound, and when to seek immediate medical attention when symptoms persist, or they need some extra assistance. Besides psychological and physical perioperative strategies, regular mental health examinations are vital for detecting comorbidities. As a result, providing this information to caregivers is essential as they would use it to understand how to provide care to a patient and ensure optimal recovery.

References

Bowel cancer. Cancer Council NSW. (2021). Retrieved from https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/bowel-cancer/.

Healthdirect. (2020). Bowel cancer (colon and rectal cancer). https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bowel-cancer

Nurgali, K., & Wildbore, C. (2019). Alterations of digestive function across the lifespan. In J. Craft, & C. Gordon (Eds.), Understanding pathophysiology (3rd Australian and New Zealand ed., pp. 798-856). Elsevier Australia.

Colorectal cancer. Medlineplus.gov. (2022). Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000262.htm.

Pallan, A., Dedelaite, M., Mirajkar, N., Newman, P. A., Plowright, J., & Ashraf, S. (2021). Postoperative complications of colorectal cancer. Clinical Radiology, 76(12), 896-970

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irritable bowel syndrome, and ulcerative colitis

STRESS AND ILLNESS

There are numerous disorders that have been linked to stress, including depression, anxiety, heart attacks, stroke, hypertension, and immune system disturbances. In addition, stress can have direct effects on the gastrointestinal system by aggravating existing conditions like ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, and ulcerative colitis. Nervous system disorders can be affected by stress, like insomnia and Parkinson’s disease. In fact, it’s hard to think of any disease in which stress cannot play an aggravating role. As you might recall from your Module 1 SLP Assignment, there are four major categories of stress symptoms: cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and physical. In this Module’s assignment, you will build on this knowledge by exploring disorders that are associated with these categories.

SLP Assignment

For this SLP assignment, you will choose one disorder from the four major categories of stress (cognitive, physical, behavioral, or emotional) as shown in the table below. Your assignment will be to develop a PowerPoint presentation that includes the following:Category

Behavioral

Cognitive

Emotional

Physical

Disorder

Obesity

Insomnia

Depression

Irritable bowel syndrome

Slide 1Title Slide with Name, Course, and Date

Slide 2 – IntroductionTopics to be covered in outline form

Slides 3-5Choose one disorder from the table above. Briefly describe your chosen disorder. What are the symptoms of your chosen disorder? How does stress affect/cause/manifest/enhance this condition? How many people are affected by the disorder? Describe how your chosen disorder is associated with its main category of stress from the table (i.e., how is insomnia sometimes a cognitive condition?).

Slide 6Describe how your chosen disorder overlaps with the other categories of stress listed from the table (i.e., obesity may be influenced by behavioral styles such as overeating in reaction to stress, but there may be emotional components as well).

Slides 7-8Choose and describe one occupation at high risk for stress (firefighter, policeman, trauma nurse, service member, air traffic controller, etc). What are the main causes for your chosen occupation’s stress? How does this stress affect their ability to perform? (Be sure to incorporate aspects of physical, emotional, cognitive, and/or behavioral functions). Include an image representing your chosen occupation.

Slide 9 – ConclusionSummarize your project findings.

Slide 10—ReferencesAPA Format

SLP Assignment Expectations

For this SLP assignment you will develop a PowerPoint Presentation that is approximately 1-10 slides in length and addresses the requirements outlined above. Place the text containing the answers to the questions above in the slide area, summarizing each topic using bullet points (in your own words, expand in more detail using the notes area). Images to convey text will not be accepted.

Be sure to include citations referencing your sources on each slide (use either the slide or notes area). Include a descriptive title for each slide that describes the topic being discussed. Be sure to include a title slide with your name, assignment type (ex. SLP Module 1 or 3), and course title. Include an introduction slide with the subjects you will cover in outline form. Include a slide summarizing your project findings (Conclusion slide). Your final slide should contain a list of references cited in APA format.

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