It is late and 3-year-old Betty is alone in her room. Her parents had just put her to bed not 10 minutes earlier. Her parents are quietly watching television downstairs. Betty begins to cry and after a short time the crying turns into more screaming than crying. Her parents hear her crying and screaming and run up to her room to see what is the matter. Her mother holds Betty in her arms and tells her she is alright. She stops after a few minutes, but when her parents leave her room, she starts crying again. Her father thought that it may be good to bring her down with them and let her lay on the couch while they watch television. Betty is quiet for the rest of the evening, falling asleep on the couch. Betty continues to cry each night for a week and each time her parents take her down to the living room with them until they go to bed or when she falls asleep. Betty’s parents are concerned that she will be unable to sleep in her room anymore. Learning (i.e., operant conditioning) has taken place for Betty and her parents.
Explain how learning has taken place.
If Betty’s parents asked you for advice (in operant conditioning terms) on how to get Betty to stay in her room and not cry, what would you tell them?
Theory on “Knowledge as a component of the socio-cultural orientation basic conditioning factor enhances the prevention of hazards” is a theory from a major nursing framework. Identify the framework and provide an example of how other applications of this theory may occur in nursing practice. For example, you may say that education may enhance the reduction of free-throw rugs in an elderly person’s home which will prevent falls. Tie the concepts together by clearly defining them and how they could be measured. Find an instrument, survey, or tool in the literature that could be used to measure the concept. For example, if you are measuring pain, you might use the Faces Pain Scale-Revised, at the following link: https://www.iasp-pain.org/Education/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=1519
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Due: Saturday, 11:59 pm PT
Length: A minimum of 250 words, not including references
Citations: At least one high-level scholarly reference in APA format from within the last 5 years
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Prior to beginning this assignment, please review all the required readings from the first three weeks as well as the articles you used in your Discipline-Based Literature Review. During this course, you have been developing your knowledge in the area of learning and cognition. In the Assignment, there was special focus on six topics that influence a wide variety of disciplines in psychology and other fields. In the final week of this course, you will develop a Learning and Cognition Handbook based on these topics.
This week, you will write an extensive review and annotated bibliography on one of the six main course topics below:
Traditional learning theories: Operant and classical conditioning Traditional learning theories: Behaviorism and social learning theory Attention and memory Decision-Making Language acquisition Organizational and lifelong learning The topic you choose should be based on the area in which you would most like to develop your knowledge. Your choice should also consider your current interests in psychology and support your future career goals.
As you prepare this assignment, keep in mind that it is designed to assist you with beginning the process of drafting your Learning and Cognition Handbook, which is due in Week 6. It is recommended that your paper be checked in Grammarly (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. and through Turnitin (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. prior to submission.
Include the following components in your review:
Introduction: Explain your motivation focusing on your chosen topic and describe how this topic aligns with your future career goals.
Research: Research five Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. in the Ashford University Library focusing on your chosen topic, and provide an annotated bibliography (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. These articles must provide sufficient information so that they will support your work in the Learning and Cognition Handbook. (See the instructions in Week 6 for further clarification.) Provide a complete reference for each of the five articles. Beneath each reference, provide an annotation that explains the theoretical perspectives, historical trends, and/or empirical research within the article that describe and define your chosen construct.
Conclusion: Provide a concluding paragraph that synthesizes the cognitive learning principles and theories found within the articles as they relate to your chosen construct.
The Choosing Your Focus paper
Must be three to five double-spaced pages in length and formatted according to APA style (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Must include a title page with the following: Title of paper Student’s name Course name and number Instructor’s name Date submitted Must begin with an introductory paragraph that clearly states the chosen construct. Must clearly discuss and explain the chosen construct with critical thought. Must include a Research section comprised of the Annotated Bibliography (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. The Formatting Your References List (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. guide offers additional guidance on correctly formatting references for the annotated bibliography. Must end with a conclusion that synthesizes the cognitive learning principles and theories found within the articles as they relate to the chosen construct. Must use at least five peer-reviewed sources (one per topic). The Scholarly, Peer Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. If you have questions about whether a specific source is appropriate for this assignment, please contact your instructor. Your instructor has the final say about the appropriateness of a specific source for a particular assignment.
Ancient learning theories: Behaviorism and social learning theory
Introduction
Behaviorism and the social learning theory are generally two psychological behavioral theories that are utilized in explaining behavior. Nevertheless, the two are involved in dealing with behavior; somehow they emphasis on diverse elements in their quest to elucidate the way people behave. They two have strong bases of support to the extent that no clear answer to the one that explains behavior well that the others. Behaviorism is usually the theory that tries to explain why people behave in a specific manner, and it focusses on observable features. In the eye of a behaviorist, they think that behavior can be sketched back to peripheralstimuli. Moreover, behavioral theorists have a conviction that behavior can be reinforced as well as it can be punished. Reinforcements are mostly the stimuli which are designed such that they encourage behavior to repeat.
On the other hand, punishments are designed for putting a stop to a particular behavior. The behaviorism theory can be outlined back to ancient behaviorists like John B. Watson and B.F Skinner where they tried to move the emphasis of psychology to culminate to observable and measurable features (Akers, 2017). The driving force in dealing with this topic is my desire to pursue a career in counseling psychology as I like giving people advice in the various phases of their lives and I study their behavior in formulating their care plan and encouraging them to take life positively.
Social Learning
This is a psychological theory that expands the knowledge that is found in the behavioral theory. It tries to explain the reason people act in the manner they behave. However, social learning enumerates that conduct is founded on anamalgamation of noticeable stimuli coupled with inner processes. Social learning entails that three necessities are needed for an individual to learn a particular behavior that is retention, motivation, and reproduction(Miner, 2015). Retention can be defined as the act of a person’s ability to remember a specific behavior which they have observed. Reproduction, on the other hand, is the ability of an individual to reproduce the retained behavior while motivation is the person’s desire to participate in a specific behavior (Miner, 2015).
Behaviorism versus Social Learning
Social learning usually adds so many internal thoughts processes to particular behaviors which the behaviorism theory fails to add. Even though there are differences there are many similarities between them, the social learning theorists suggest that behavior is usually involved complicated stimuli and responses, they entail that in addition to behaviorism external reinforcements, people typically learn through observation and they also imitate the behavior of the people that are existing around their vicinity(Akers, 2017). This brings about the issues of peer pressure which can cause a person to move along the crowd in an ultimate desire to fit and be accepted. This is regardless of whether the observed behavior conflicts with individual values(Greene, 2017).
Applications of Behaviorism and Social Learning Theories
Both of these theories have extensive applications in society and everyday living. Parents that engage their kids in carrying out duties and chores at home usually are utilizing the behavior modification process of behaviorism(Miner, 2015). In the same breath, those parents that shun from smoking in the presence of their children as this is unhealthy behavior as they do not want their children to follow suit are using the social learning theory. This supports the proactive education program where they consist of elements that bring to therefore social learning as well as behaviorism(Akers, 2017). Many examples constitute an application of both of these theories like campaigns to stop underage drinking; in t……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..