Write only at least 3 paragraph talking answer two of the the question from each chapter.
Chapter 4
Drawing on this chapter please address one of the following:
Define cultural space and discuss how cultural space is constructed through communication.
Using an example, discuss the relationship between place, power and location of enunciation?
What do we mean by hybrid cultural space? Use an example to illustrate your answer.
Chapter 5
The development of relationships across cultures can be challenging. Address the following:
a.) Describe the three stages of relationship development and discuss how intercultural issues and differences influence each stage of the relationship development process.
b.) How do inequitable relations of power with society impact intercultural relationships?
c.) Based on your understanding of intercultural communication competence, what advice would you give people who are involved in intercultural relationships? What suggestions would you give them to improve their understanding of each other and to increase the likelihood that their relationship will continue?
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In this course we shall talk about how our social reality is constructed. By society we mean ‘institutions’ like government, law, marriage, and money. The reality of such social institutions are dependent on the reality of basic facts. The basic facts are not dependent for their existence on us. we experience them directly. But institutional facts are dependent on basic facts. Our ability to analyze and understand society itself was considerably aided by the work of Frege, Russell, Wittgenstein, Quine, Carnap, Strawson, and Austin who were the individuals involved in constructing what is known as the Philosophy of Language.We shall rely on the methods of study which philosophy of language developed to understand what the philosophy of society talks about. To be a human beings is distinguished from being other animals, on the basis that human specious is able to use a language to express what is on their minds. Language is an institution but it is not just an institution but the primary one. Human beings and they are able to live in institutions of society which they have themselves instructed. To inhabit these institutions the human beings will have the ability to speak a language. The rudimentary details of how this has taken place is what this course will attempt to explain.
2. How is the course taught?
In the course I shall first introduce the ideas that are necessary to imagine how reality, especially social reality is constructed by us. I shall introduce six such notions. They are, 1. status functions, 2. collective intentionality, 3. deontic powers, 4. desire-independent reasons for action, 5. constitutive rules, 6. institutional facts. After we lean what these fundamental ideas are, we shall apply them to see how sisal reality functions in our lives. I shall take atomic theory of matter in physics and evolutionary theory of life in biology as my guidelines of how to develop our view of society.
3. What are the main requirements to complete the course?
Before I state these requirements here are some directions in answering the questions. Each of these question was formulated with great care for you to answer. We have learned as children that promises are to be kept, and lying and stealing is bad, and that no harm should be inflicted upon living creatures. But what we have learned are not explained to us. As children we don’t really know why truth should be told. We think that it is because our parents require this. But as adults we know that truth telling is required by living in society because it secures one’s trustworthiness. Why this is so is something as an adult we come to understand. So think carefully when you answer these questions. Read the book, get a good idea of what is discussed, put your own views in non-technical words as far as possible, compose you answers to the point of what is asked, and write for informing rather than making impressions. This course explains what institutions are and why they were constructed by us and how it serves our purposes, and how sometimes it is corrupted by some of us, we cannot as a group function with out some institutions. We constantly try to make the institutions better.
4. The assignments and requirements for this class fall into five categories.
Essays are based on Making the Human World: Structure of Human Civilization. John R. Searle, Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195396171
For the essays here, they should be written in nontechnical, straightforward, ordinary language. They should be a approximately a 1000 words, without errors that might impede their understanding as a reader. If you use a technical term please immediately say how the term is to be understood. Thank you.
These are:
CATEGORY 1
Essay 1. On the conceptual equipment. (Chapter 1 of the book)
You should address the following questions in this essay.
(a) In physics we talk of the atom, in chemistry we talk of the bond, in biology it is the cell, genetics the DNA, in geology it is the tectonic plate. What do we talk about in sociology (the systematic study of sociology)?
(b) What other ideas are necessary to explain the logical mechanism of society?
(c) Status functions, what are they?
(d) Collective intentionality, what is it?
(e) Deontic powers, what are they?
(f) Reason indipendente of desires for action, what sort of reason is it?
(g) Constitutive rules, how are they different from regulative rules?
(h) Institutional facts, what are they?
CATEGORY 2.
Essay 2. On intentionality. (Chapter 2 of the book)
You should address the following questions in this essay.
(a) What does it mean to form intentions?
(b) How is consciousness different from intentions?
(c) If you were to explain intentionality, what is its general structure?
Essay 3. On Colective intentionality. (Chapter 3 of the book)
You’r essay should address the following.
(a) what are we talking of when we are talking of the logical properties of something?
(b) Collective intentionality or we-intentionality as opposed to I-intentionality, what is it?
(c) What are some of the current ways of talking of collective intentions?
(d) How can collective intention move individual bodies?
(e) Distinguish the idea of cooperation from that of collective recognition
Essay 4. On Language. (Chapter 4 of the book)
Your essay should address the following.
(a) How is the biological and social elements distinguished in Language?
(b) Explain briefly the phonology, syntax and semantics of language.
(c) The common features of language and pre linguistic mentality.
(d) What has language got that prelinguistic mentality lacks?
(e) What are the features of consciousness tat language lacks?
(f) What are the functions of language and explain the difference between representation and expression.
(g) Show the features of language that is active in creating society.
(h) Sho how commitments are part and parcel of using langue.
(i) How does language enable us to construct social institutions?
Essay 5. On Language and Social Reality. ( Chapter 5 of the book)
Your essay should address the following.
(a) What is institutional reality?
(b) Creating institutional facts: How does a wall become boundary?
(c) Creating institutional facts: How does one thing counts as another thing in certain context?
(d) How is something like a corporation constructed?
(e) Explain speech acts with reference to construction of social events.
(f) What is the special function of writing?
Essay 6. On Free Will (Chapter 6 of the book)
Your essay should address the following.
(a) How do human institutional facts lock in to human rationality?
(b) Why does the institutional structure of society be there?
(c) Can society be constructed as an engineering problem?
(d) Can unconscious robots have institutions?
(e) Is it possible to program human beings to act like robots?
(f) What does ‘Deontology’ mean and how is this thought involved with rationality and freedom?
Essay 7. On Power (Chapter 7 of the book)
Your essay should address the following problem.
(a) What is the idea of power and specifically the idea of political power?
(b) What is bio-power, what is French thinkers Foucault ideas of power.
(c) What is the idea of a background/network power?
(d) How does the existence of background/network power explain who or what is exercising this power?
(e) State the paradox in political power.
(f) Can democratic societies be made consistent with religious societies?
(g) What in summary is the conclusion of the discussion of political power in the text book?
Essay 8. On Rights.
Your essay should address the following.
(a) What are riots or what does it mean to have rights?
(b) I have duties and rights as a father, and a son, and a teacher, but do I have any as a human being?
(c) How does rights come to be?
(d) Why do all rights also imply obligation?
(e) How can there be universal human rights?
(f) Is there a distinction of sorts between positive and negative rights?
(g) what are the common logical mistakes about the idea of rights?
CATEGORY 3
Essay 9. On the book, a book report.
Your essay should address the following.
(a) With what purpose is the book written?
(b) Does the book achieve that purpose?
(c) What makes people accept the ideas in the book?
(d) Is the logic of the book and the way the author argues his points compelling for you?
(e) Where or to which part do you disagree with the author?
(f) Provide a summary of what you are doing in writing this book report.
CATEGORY 4
Essay 10: On collaborative Learning.
Write in simple readable prose. Word limit 1000
(a) In collaborative learning you are not in competition with the other students, instead, you learn from the other student and give help in return.
(b) You have to initiate questions, what did you do especially to accomplish this?
(b) You have to respond in a nonoffensive way to other’s responses. What did you learn about this?
(c) Making your question and response conversational, this means one thing leads to another, your questions will invoke a response.
(d) How do you show that your interlocuter was wrong or you have to disagree? Were you able to state your disagreement and yet not offend the person?
(e) Please note that collaborative learning is a Marianist and a Hawaiian educational feature. Can collaborative learning be a good thing for all human beings?
CATEGORY 5.
Essay 11: On practical or service-learning. (Sometimes known as the x-factor assignment.)
Write in simple readable prose. Word limit 1000
(a) What kind of service-learning were you doing that makes it relevant to what this course is? Was it something requiring manual labor, intellectual help, emotional companionship or any other like these?
(b) Service-learning means that you interacted with others. What did such interaction teach you about the people, their circumstances in life, about yourself?
(c) When you learn to do something usually there are many practices that you learn. What practice did you learn by serving others?
(d) Why were those practices instructive? What did you learn from them?
(e) Why did those practices matter? What value did they have for you?
(f) Please note that this is a Marianist requirement. Can serving others also be a good thing for the rest of us members of human beings?
4. What do we read as texts in this course?
We shall read the following.
Making the Human World: Structure of Human Civilization. John R. Searle, Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195396171
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A heat exchanger is to be constructed in which air (assume Cp=7 Btu/lbmol 0F) is to be heated from 70 to 200 0F by another stream of air, originally at 350 0F. Equal amounts of heated air and heating air are to be used. Assume that heat losses from the exchanger are negligible. Calculate a) the entropy change of the heated air; b) the entropy change of the heating air; and c ) the total entropy change.
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Question on personality disorders are socially constructed? In Freudian psychoanalysis, the term “egosyntonic” refers to the behaviors, values, and feelings that are in harmony with or acceptable to the needs and goals of the ego, or consistent with one’s ideal self-image. “Egodystonic” is the opposite; thoughts, feelings and behaviors are in conflict with the needs and goals of the ego and inconsistent with one’s self-image.
The majority of the anxiety and mood disorders discussed this semester are considered egodystonic, and in fact, one of the primary criteria for a diagnosis of any disorder is that the individual reports some degree of psychological pain or distress. However, when considering the majority of personality disorders, these disorders are considered to be egosyntonic; for example, a person with narcissistic personality disorder has excessively high positive self-regard and will reject all suggestions to the contrary. An individual with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder usually perceives their obsession with orderliness, perfectionism, and control, as reasonable and even desirable compared to someone with OCD who is tormented by their obsessions. Furthermore, as you have read, treating these disorders is exceedingly difficult due to the fact that many of the “sufferers” do not perceive their problems to be a result of their rigid personalities and experience little distress due to them.
Answer This:
Do you believe that some of the personality disorders are socially constructed? That they are an attempt by not only researchers and clinicians but society at large to paint certain personalities as undesirable because they may conflict with societal norms in one way or the other? No citations are needed for this post
I believe that some personality disorders are socially constructed. The society has a set of acceptable norms and behavior. As such, the society paints contrary norms and behaviors as undesirable and hence must be rejected by everyone within the context of that society. Social interactions within societies are in themselves intricate operations. They involve acknowledged rituals, coveted symbolic exchanges, tactical understanding and impression management. People use societal norms as a benchmark of behavior and as platform of managing self image when interacting with other people in the context of the society. The dynamic interaction between self presentation and critical audience discernment plays a key role on how people behave and present themselves to society. It is in this context of societal constructs that one can understand the impact of such constructs on personality disorders.
Societal constructs have a huge impact on egosyntonic disorders. These disorders are in line with acceptable norms within the society that create a positive self image for an individual. For instance, the narcotic personality disorder…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….