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DESCRIBING WATER UTILITY PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF BROWN COUNTY

BACKGROUND

You are a newly appointed county manager of Brown County, which is large suburban jurisdiction covering 1500 square miles. Reviewing the county budget by department you notice that infrastructure costs for water utilities comprises a large percentage of the public works department’s annual budget. 

The Division of Public Works is the largest department in Brown County and the water utilities department in the Division of Public Works serves approximately 41,952 water customers.  The utilities department currently operates 482 miles of water main with six water pump stations. The department also oversees 12 water storage facilities with a combined capacity of 67 million gallons.

You decide to embark on a performance measurement exercise of water utilities to help public works set a course to monitor operating efficiency and to justify potential capital expenses. 

PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT: WHAT ARE WE MEASURING?  

As a first step toward performance assessment, you decide to examine the operating ratio of the water utility. This measure represents the total costs for operation and maintenance of the water distribution system as provided by the accounting division of Public Works divided by the total revenues generated from water purchased by the public from the county utility department. Therefore, costs are expressed as a percent of total revenue. Hence an operating ratio of .20, or 20% (move the decimal two places to the right) indicates that operating and maintenance costs comprise 20% of operating revenue. A higher operating cost percentage indicates that operating expenses are increasing relative to revenue. Conversely, if the operating ratio is decreasing, expenses are decreasing, or revenue is increasing, or some combination of both.

WHAT IS “GOOD” PERFORMANCE?

To establish if a performance measure is “good” it needs to be compared to a standard or best practice results established by an independent professional association within specific industries. In the case of water utilities, the American Water Works Association (AWWA) establishes bench marking guidelines. AWWA, using data gathered from suburban counties throughout the U.S. similar to Brown County, established the top quartile for operating ratio at 45%. According the AWWA, this benchmark indicates financial efficiency of water operations. 

ASSESS HOW THE WATER UTILITY IS DOING 

The performance target goal for Brown County is .45 or 45%. Review the descriptive analysis of the operating ratios for FY 2019 and FY 2020.  Describe the trends and assess the utility’s performance

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Border Region between Camp Pendleton in North County San Diego and Ensenada in Baja California to the south

All papers need to include references and be written in APA format o Refer to https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ for APA formatting standards.

• All papers must include a well-designed cover page with document title, due date, date turned in, student name, year of schooling, name of institution, class name, instructor name;

• Students MUST include a formal table of contents/outline (following cover page) of your document using APA format.

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FINAL PROJECT (DESIGN & JUSTIFICATIONS) 100 points / 25% of total grade This design project is meant for the students to take their knowledge from the sum of our class about the Mexico/US Border and then use their critical thinking skills to apply their research to a sustainable design with futuristic characteristics. Each student will design a public facility in various areas of the specific Border Region between Camp Pendleton in North County San Diego and Ensenada in Baja California to the south, with the future of the region in mind.

• APA format w/citations

• 4-page minimum

• Introduction

• Describe your design elements with detail.

• Provide specific justification why you chose the design elements and materials.

• Talk about why your design is sustainable concerning the environment and the border culture.

• Conclusion and discussion– The impact of your design on the future societies and natural environment of the Mexico/US Border Area.

• Include 5 renderings minimum (4 side views, 1 overhead 1ayout) DONE IT

• Use spell-check and re-read your final draft out loud before submitting.

• Quality counts!

Your grade will be based on (100 total points):

• All instructions followed (4 full written pages (not including title, outline, reference pages or appendixes): 10 points

• Cover page aesthetics and includes all required elements: 10 points

• Outline quality: 10 points

• APA style applied correctly to body of paper and reference page: 10 points

• Spelling and grammar: 10 points

• Critical thinking applied: 10 points

• Logical order and flow is smooth: 10 points

• Good introduction and conclusion: 10 points

• All questions addressed: 10 points

• Quality of renderings: 10 points

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Alfred and Barbara own adjoining farms in Dry County, an area where all agriculture requires irrigation.

Final Contract Analysis

Note: This is a two-part assignment that consists of two different contract analysis scenarios. Please answer both scenarios in one document.

Contract analysis scenario one—damages determination: Alfred and Barbara own adjoining farms in Dry County, an area where all agriculture requires irrigation. Alfred bought a well-drilling rig and drilled a 400-foot well from which he drew drinking water. Barbara needed no additional irrigation water, but in January 1985, she asked Alfred on what terms he would drill a well near her house to supply better-tasting drinking water than the county water she has been using for years. Alfred said that because he had never before drilled a well for hire, he would charge Barbara only $10 per foot, about one dollar more than his expected cost. Alfred said that he would drill to a maximum depth of 600 feet, which is the deepest his rig could reach. Barbara said, “OK—as long as you can guarantee completion by June 1, we have a deal.” Alfred agreed, and he asked for $3,500 in advance, with any further payment or refund to be made on completion. Barbara said, “OK,” and she paid Alfred $3,500.

Alfred started to drill on May 1. He had reached a depth of 200 feet on May 10 when his drill struck rock and broke, plugging the hole. The accident was unavoidable. It had cost Alfred $12 per foot to drill this 200 feet. Alfred said he would not charge Barbara for drilling the useless hole in the ground, but he would have to start a new well close by and could not promise its completion before July 1.

Barbara, annoyed by Alfred’s failure, refused to let him start another well. On June 1, she contracted with Carl to drill a well. Carl agreed to drill to a maximum depth of 350 feet for $4,500, which Barbara also paid in advance, but Carl could not start drilling until October 1. He completed drilling and struck water at 300 feet on October 30.

In July, Barbara sued Alfred, seeking to recover her $3,500 paid to Alfred, plus the $4,500 paid to Carl.

On August 1, Dry County’s dam failed, thus reducing the amount of water available for irrigation. Barbara lost her apple crop worth $15,000. The loss could have been avoided by pumping from Barbara’s well if it had been operational by August 1. Barbara amended her complaint to add the $15,000 loss.

Your contract analysis must be at least two pages in length and discuss Barbara’s suit against Alfred. What are Barbara’s rights, and what damages, if any, will she recover? Explain Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code pertaining to all types of transactions.

Contract analysis scenario two—remedies determination: Mundo manufactures printing presses. Extra, a publisher of a local newspaper, had decided to purchase new presses. Rep, a representative of Mundo, met with Boss, the president of Extra, to describe the advantages of Mundo’s new press. Rep also drew rough plans of the alterations that would be required in Extra’s pressroom to accommodate the new presses, including additional floor space and new electrical installations, and Rep left the plans with Boss.

On December 1, Boss received a letter signed by Seller, a member of Mundo’s sales staff, offering to sell the required number of presses at a cost of $2.4 million. The offer contained provisions relating to the delivery schedule, warranties, and payment terms but did not specify a particular mode of acceptance of the offer. Boss immediately decided to accept the offer and telephoned Seller’s office. Seller was out of town, and Boss left the following message: “Looks good. I’m sold. Call me when you get back so we can discuss details.”

Using the rough plans drawn by Rep, Boss also directed that work begin on the necessary pressroom renovations. By December 4, a wall had been demolished in the pressroom, and a contract had been signed for the new electrical installations.

On December 5, the President of the United States announced a ban on foreign imports of computerized heavy equipment. The ban removed—from the American market—a foreign manufacturer that had been the only competitor of Mundo. That afternoon, Boss received an email from Mundo stating, “All outstanding offers are withdrawn.” In a subsequent telephone conversation, Seller told Boss that Mundo would not deliver the presses for less than $2.9 million.

Your contract analysis must be at least two pages in length and discuss the following questions: Was Mundo obligated to sell the presses to Extra for $2.4 million? Assume Mundo was so obligated. What are Extra’s rights and remedies against Mundo?

Include an introduction in your paper. One source is required. Adhere to APA Style when creating citations and references for this assignment. APA formatting, however, is not necessary.