1. In Willrich’s article, he uses a quote from a chief justice from the Municipal Court of Chicago. This sums up the belief of eugenics. How does this belief in Eugenics different than what we studied in the classical period (Think John Locke and Beccaria).
2. Willrich argues that eugenics led to a reform in the criminal justice system that he calls “eugenic jurisprudence.” Explain what this is and what institutions he points to as a symptom of this eugenic jurisprudence.
3. If you had to explain Lombroso to someone who does not study crime (or who had not taken this class) what would you say to them? (Give at least 3 points).
4. Give three (3) examples that Lombroso cites as the reasons for the increased homicide (crime) rate in the United States. How does his racial and ethnic prejudices shape his beliefs?
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You get a choice this week! Please respond to one of the following:
Option 1: “Fake Gucci and Organized Crime” So what’s the big deal about purchasing a fake designer handbag?!? Research and analyze the primary manner in which the purchase of counterfeit merchandise such as fake handbags may impact all areas in our lives. Next, based on the text, provide your opinion of whether or not the government can use the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) or the Continuing Criminal Enterprise Statute (CCE) to combat global organized financial crimes like the sale of counterfeit merchandise.
Option 2: Government Officials Behaving Badly The Supreme Court of the United States once opined, “…nothing can destroy the government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence.” What does the Court mean by this? Research a recent case where a public official engaged in one of the crimes identified in Chapter 19 of the textbook. Provide the facts of the case, who was involved, crimes committed, and the conviction and sentencing. Why does the public hold public officials to a higher standard? Should sentencing be enhanced? Why or why not?
Provide a rationale to support your response and respond to no less than one of your peers
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For this assignment, write a report depicting your analysis of historical crime data for a specific category of crime or criminal issue. Focus your research on one component of the criminal justice system (i.e., law enforcement, courts, or corrections). The data and charts you develop may be used in your Final Paper. For this assignment, you will
Present graphical statistical crime data for a specific category of crime from three comparably sized cities, counties, or states from three different regions of the country (e.g., Indianapolis, Austin, and San Francisco, etc. This information should be found on official government websites.)
Develop questions you would like to address based on the data you retrieved. (Note: You do not have to answer these questions for this assignment.) What crime prevention programs or initiatives are available to potentially address the crime or criminal justice issue? (Note: You are working through Step 18 in Crime Analysis for Problem Solvers in 60 Small Steps. (Links to an external site.))
If you choose to write a report, graphically display the statistical data developed for three comparable cities, counties, or states. Incorporate national statistics for comparison. You must include an introduction that presents the focus of the project for analysis. Your report must be at least five pages in addition to the title page and references page. Your assessment may be in bullet or paragraph format below the graphic display. Make sure you standardize your data (usually 1:1000; 1:10,000; or 1: 100,000) and incorporate the scale in a key for each chart.The Statistical Analysis paper or presentation
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You need to begin thinking about your Research Paper. The subject is CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) Best Practices. Please download the Research Paper Template and begin your research. Instructions are in the template. Need a paper in the below format.
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Information for students: In order to meet the requirements of English for Academic Purposes 2 all students must write a Report summarizing the findings of a research. Research Report Write a research/information report on the following topic: • Crime and safety in Australia through the eyes of international students • The use of social media • Accommodation in Australia • Surrogacy • Euthanasia • Artificial intelligence • Adoption • Abortion • Capital punishment • Bullying • Dementia • Cyber security • Gun control • A topic approved by your teacher In preparation for Report writing create an opinion poll and apply it to a minimum of 10 participants. You are required to carry out secondary research utilizing journal articles, the Internet, books etc. and present your findings in your report Learning Outcomes: • Can demonstrate academic writing skills effectively • Can write a report based on data collected in a survey • Can demonstrate critical thinking on the chosen topic • Can reference quotations appropriately and avoid plagiarism Word count: 800 -1000 words Due Date: First draft due on Monday in week 3 (4th May 2020) Final essay due on Tuesday in week 4 (12th May 2020) A well-structured Research Report must include: A cover page clearly stating your name, student ID, title of your essay, your teacher’s name and date 1) Introduction • Give background information • State the purpose of the research/report 2) Methodology • Describe the steps used to collect information • Describe the instrument used 3) Results/Findings presented in paragraph form as follows: • Graph or table with a title and correctly labelled axes, including legend if needed • Description of graph or table • General description of results • Comparison/ contrast of results 4) Discussion • Restate research question • Speculate on the reasons for the result • Discuss implications 5) Conclusion 6) A reference list following the APA 6th referencing conventions 7) Appendix Assessment and marking criteria Your review will be assessed using the following criteria: COMPETENCIES GRADE and FEEDBACK Task Response • Task achievement (e.g. essay, report or review) • Clear argument and strong support • Appropriate staging throughout • Scope and relevance of research 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Feedback: Organization and structure • Coherence = clear, logical order of arguments • Cohesion = connections using grammar • Referencing • Plagiarism 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Feedback: Language input (Lexical resources) • A range of vocabulary, use and academic register • Spelling and punctuation • Collocation • Word formation 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Feedback: Language input (Grammatical accuracy) • Control of a range of grammatical structures • Variety of simple and complex sentences • Grammatical accuracy (sentence level) • Comprehensibility 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Feedback: Total Mark The mark for each competency represents the level to which these criteria have been fulfilled. The overall mark for this assignment is determined from the average of the above areas of competency. Minimum requirements to pass: • EAP1 exit 5.5: achieve a minimum of grade 2 in at least three competencies and a grade higher than 2 in the remaining competency (first block), and a minimum grade 2 in two competencies and a grade higher than 2 in the remaining two competencies (second block). This grade represents 25% of the final mark. • EAP2 exit 6.0: achieve a minimum of grade 2 in one competency and a grade higher than 2 in the remaining three competencies (first block), and a minimum grade 3 in all four competencies (second block). This grade represents 25% of the final mark. • EAP3 exit 6.5: achieve a minimum of grade 3 in at least three competencies and a grade higher than 3 in the remaining competency (first block) and a minimum grade 3 in at least two competencies and a grade higher than 3 in the remaining two competencies (second block). This grade represents 25% of the final mark. This grade represents 25% of the final mark
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Assignment 1 Writing Information for students: In order to meet the requirements of English for Academic Purposes 2 all students must write a Report summarizing the findings of a research. Research Report Write a research/information report on the following topic: • Crime and safety in Australia through the eyes of international students • The use of social media • Accommodation in Australia • Surrogacy • Euthanasia • Artificial intelligence • Adoption • Abortion • Capital punishment • Bullying • Dementia • Cyber security • Gun control • A topic approved by your teacher In preparation for Report writing create an opinion poll and apply it to a minimum of 10 participants. You are required to carry out secondary research utilizing journal articles, the Internet, books etc. and present your findings in your report Learning Outcomes: • Can demonstrate academic writing skills effectively • Can write a report based on data collected in a survey • Can demonstrate critical thinking on the chosen topic • Can reference quotations appropriately and avoid plagiarism Word count: 800 -1000 words Due Date: First draft due on Monday in week 3 (4th May 2020) Final essay due on Tuesday in week 4 (12th May 2020) A well-structured Research Report must include: A cover page clearly stating your name, student ID, title of your essay, your teacher’s name and date 1) Introduction • Give background information • State the purpose of the research/report 2) Methodology • Describe the steps used to collect information • Describe the instrument used 3) Results/Findings presented in paragraph form as follows: • Graph or table with a title and correctly labelled axes, including legend if needed • Description of graph or table • General description of results • Comparison/ contrast of results 4) Discussion • Restate research question • Speculate on the reasons for the result • Discuss implications 5) Conclusion 6) A reference list following the APA 6th referencing conventions 7) Appendix Assessment and marking criteria Your review will be assessed using the following criteria: COMPETENCIES GRADE and FEEDBACK Task Response • Task achievement (e.g. essay, report or review) • Clear argument and strong support • Appropriate staging throughout • Scope and relevance of research 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Feedback: Organization and structure • Coherence = clear, logical order of arguments • Cohesion = connections using grammar • Referencing • Plagiarism 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Feedback: Language input (Lexical resources) • A range of vocabulary, use and academic register • Spelling and punctuation • Collocation • Word formation 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Feedback: Language input (Grammatical accuracy) • Control of a range of grammatical structures • Variety of simple and complex sentences • Grammatical accuracy (sentence level) • Comprehensibility 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Feedback: Total Mark The mark for each competency represents the level to which these criteria have been fulfilled. The overall mark for this assignment is determined from the average of the above areas of competency. Minimum requirements to pass: • EAP1 exit 5.5: achieve a minimum of grade 2 in at least three competencies and a grade higher than 2 in the remaining competency (first block), and a minimum grade 2 in two competencies and a grade higher than 2 in the remaining two competencies (second block). This grade represents 25% of the final mark. • EAP2 exit 6.0: achieve a minimum of grade 2 in one competency and a grade higher than 2 in the remaining three competencies (first block), and a minimum grade 3 in all four competencies (second block). This grade represents 25% of the final mark. • EAP3 exit 6.5: achieve a minimum of grade 3 in at least three competencies and a grade higher than 3 in the remaining competency (first block) and a minimum grade 3 in at least two competencies and a grade higher than 3 in the remaining two competencies (second block). This grade represents 25% of the final mark. This grade represents 25% of the final mark
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Plea Bargaining or “I did not commit that crime but I will agree to this one for 3–5 years or probation” The criminal court operates under two models: The crime control model (that relies heavily on plea bargaining and guilty pleas) and the due process model (that provides a full trial process). A comparison of these models was exemplified in a classic 1968 article by Herbert Packer: Two Models of the Criminal Process. The issue of plea bargaining has become a very controversial issue within the court system. Overburdened courts and endless dockets are causing the system to collapse and as a result, many prosecutors have turned to plea bargains to reduce the strain. The fast track between probation and reduced sentences has not been without controversy. Although plea bargaining is often criticized, more than 90% of criminal convictions come from negotiated pleas. Thus, less than 10% of criminal cases go to trial. In a 4 page paper (1,000 to 1,250 words), identify the associated issues with plea bargaining. Does it undermine the system of law? If so, how? What are the incentives behind plea bargaining for judges, prosecutors, and defendants? Explain your answers and cite examples to support your position. Additional Reference Information crime control model Below are two Library articles that addresses plea bargaining. Bowers, J. (2007). Grassroots plea bargaining. Marquette Law Review, 91(1), 85–121. Fisher, T. (2008). The boundaries of plea bargaining: Negotiating the standard of proof. The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 97(4), 943–1007. Note: This Assignment will require outside research. Use at least two credible sources beyond the text material. Also discuss how you evaluated the credibility of the resources used. You may consult the Library, the Internet, the textbook, other course materials, and any other outside resources in supporting your task, using proper citations in APA style
When one considers that 95% of all the convictions in the USA are via guilty pleas, criminal law can be said to exist in the shadow of plea bargaining. Further, plea bargaining does not reflect statutory law especially for petty cases. An example is the offense of loitering to beg that was considered an offense pre-2005 despite the Second Circuit considering the offense unconstitutional since there was no valid law to cast a shadow. In 2005, there was a class-action suit by lawyers to enjoin the enforcement of the loitering statute, yet the New York Police Department (NYPD) made a further fifty eight arrests and issued 641 summonses even after filing of the suit in addition to the 1876 arrests based on the unconstitutional charge between 1992 and 2004 (Bowers, 2007). Notably most of the arrested people pleaded out.
While the traditional inquisitorial system of justice does not usually offer any incentives, transplants offer incentives to the various parties involved, as discussed in the section on incentives below. The incentives determine the course of plea bargaining, making the latter inconsistent with the desired outcomes as proscribed by law systems (Garoupa and Stephen, 2008). In so doing, plea bargaining thus undermines the system of law that has defined statutes and consequences for breaching them; especially in situations where the legal system has no mechanisms to redress the criminal litigation principle-agent problems.
Nonetheless, in the USA where “a plea bargain is an agreement between the state and the defendant…approved by the court, …the validity of a plea bargain must meet certain constitutional norms in addition to any local statutory requirements or rules of the court” with it being “the court’s duty to insure that all the necessary elements of a valid guilty plea have been met” (Garoupa and Stephen, 2008. Consequently, it can be argued that USA’s system of law lessens undermining of the legal system through plea bargaining by having strict control of the process and outcome of the plea bargaining.
However, there are many ways that plea bargaining undermines any legal system, especially the US legal system:
Plea bargaining replaces and or decreases constitutional trials……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… crime control model …..
It can be difficult to define crime, when what constitutes a crime and evidentially what does not, can provoke continual disagreement between individuals across society.
Do you believe that some criminal offences that exist are more insignificant than others and why?
Your report must include a minimum of 2 relevant quotations, accurately referenced from 2 different sources that you actively engage with during the research process. These can be a mixture of textbooks, journal and website sources, and one of these can be from the Additional Reading section below.
Additional Information:
· Your assignment should be written in report format and follow the guidelines given in the Unit 2 reading.
· It should be between 1,500 and 2,000 words. You are allowed to go below or above this word count by no more than 10% without your mark being affected.
· Your report must include a minimum of 2 relevant quotations, accurately referenced from 2 different sources that you actively engage with during the research process.
· Please refer to the Referencing Guidelines from Unit 4. Your tutor will upload your assignment to Turnitin, the plagiarism detection website, so it is vital that you correctly reference any parts of your assignment that are not your original work.
Think about putting up a fences to protect your backyard and property. Now think about enjoying having sex with your spouse. Now think about driving your cool new model Mercedes Benz in the highway. Reflect all these thoughts in the negative perspective where another person trespass private property or the fencing stood tall than the recommended size, a man or women sexually assaulted his/her friend or the act was without any consent, and a careless driver faulting traffic rules in the highway. Are all these offenses the same? From the biblical perspective, all crimes are equal before the eyes of the Lord. However, from the jury’s and attorneys’ perspective criminal offenses are not the same. They are classified based on the magnitude and volume. Nonetheless, sensible person could argued that all these acts amounts to the criminal offense and various doctrine such as “Ignorance of the law is no excuse” might apply equally on all of them.
It is important to understand how criminal offenses are classified in the modern criminal law since the crimes have evolved over time and become more complex. Generally speaking, a law students finds it awkward and absurd to take all the criminal offenses to be equal thus applying the same doctrines and criminal law. Traditional criminal law broadly classified most of the hardcore criminal law to be of the same type. However, in the modern criminal law, some criminal offense are more significant than others thus carrying different sentences depending on the magnitude and volume. According to “Mala in Se” criminal offenses carries varying definitions ranging from the offenses related to the common law to capital crimes. Until 20th century, all these crime had a clear meaning “Traditionally criminal law crimes” despite the different titles used to classified them………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….define crime………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
In a 3–4 page paper (excluding title and reference pages), summarize and provide an example of how biological, sociological, and psychological theories of crime causation affect human behavior and actions. Be sure to provide an example of each and include a reference to the examples that may include an article, case study, adjudicated case, etc.
Criteria: Ask yourself the following questions. Purpose Did you address the three theories? Did you provide an example of each theory? Did you cite your sources? Conclusion/Critique Did you state the findings of the paper concisely? Did you support or oppose your position with insightful analysis? Did you answer all the questions in a substantive manner? Content Is your content accurate? Is your content persuasive? Is your content comprehensive enough to address the topic? Format Did you prepare your paper as a MS Word Document? Did you name your file correctly? Did you use APA format to cite your sources? Did you check your document for spelling?
Biological theories of criminality focus on examining criminal behavior that caused by the biological makeup of a person. The biological makeup of a person include physical flaws such as heredity, neurotransmitter dysfunction, brain abnormalities resulting from trauma or improper development. Some of the studies present biological factors such as genetic, neurological, biochemical and physiological factors(Rutter, 2006). In this case, genetic factors is described as biological factors passed from parents to children through hereditary. Analysis indicated that biological theorists have established better law enforcement techniques and stricter penalties for crime control. As a result, many techniques that are specific to the biological theories of criminality have been developed. For example, psychosurgery can be applied to control criminal behavior. Statistics indicated that more than 40,000 frontal lobotomies was conducted to treat various criminal behavior caused by schizophrenia and depression.
Another method that is applied to change the criminal behavior of the individual caused by biological factors is chemical methods of control. For example, two common pharmacological treatment applied in most cases is chemical castratio………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..psychological theories of crime causation …………………………………………………..
In 500-750 words, analyze life course offenders using developmental theories of crime by doing the following:
Find an example of a person who is or was a life course offender (someone with a very long criminal history, serial killers, etc.).
Determine if the criminal’s persistent offending can be explained using life course, latent trait, and trajectory theories. If any of those three theories do not account for the criminal’s persistent offending, explain why. Explain which of the three theories best account for this criminal’s persistent offending. Use the GCU Library to locate three to five relevant, scholarly sources in support of your content, no older than 5 years.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the GCU Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This analysis selected a serial killer of late sixties and throughout seventies, Ted Bundy who was connected to at least thirty-six count of murder in the United States. Ted Bundy confessed to have killed thirty women in seven states and was later sentenced to death and subsequently executed using electric chair on 24 January, 1989. The general appearance of the serial killer was an interesting, smart and attracting man. He used these traits to lore young women who were the most victims. Several studies conducted to determine the factors that motivated Ted Bundy to be serial killer pointed out to his unbalanced upbringing as a youth affected his later life. Most of the researcher used process perspective.
For example, Ted Bundy was born in Burlington, Vermont in 1946 to Eleanor Louise Cowell and Air Force father and was named Theodore Robert Cowell. Ted was brought up in a middle-class family with the mother being the majority parent due to the nurture of the work of his father. Ted Bundy spend most of his young life with mentally challenged grandfather and at some point, he considered his parents as parent figures and his mother as his sister(Reid, 2017). Due to persistent of this fantasy, Ted Bundy internalized it and this could be the start of the problem. Most of the people who interacted with Ted Bundy in his childhood knew him as perfect gentleman. As oppose to many his colleague who perfectly fitted in a while-collar job, Ted Bundy chose the path that eventually lead to downfall.
Applied Criminology Theory Analysis of the Ted’s background suggested that his childhood growth significantly impacted his future actions. For example, Life Cours…………………………………………………………………………………………………
