Tag: democracy

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Roles of the Mass Media in Democracy

THE NEWS MEDIA

Chapter 6

Roles of the Mass Media in Democracy

The central idea of democracy is that ordinary citizens should control what their government does.

The media can help citizens help themselves

Popular Sovereignty requires an knowledgeable and informed citizenry

Roles of the Media #1

Watchdog over government

Protected by the First Amendment

No prior restraint

High standards for proving libel/slander

Examples?

The Media’s Roles #2

Make clear the options the public has for elections.

Political parties’ positions

The attributes and locations of the contenders

Deciding what is interesting vs important can be difficult.

Examples?

The media’s roles #3

Give the audience a comprehensive and illuminating collection of concepts regarding public policy.

advantages and disadvantages of the policies presently in place

Different approaches to policy

Examples?

Is the News Biased?

Professional bias

Journalists tend to be liberal but media tycoons (owners of the mass media) are conservative=> balance

“Biases” in Political News

Nationalism: Pro-America

Ethnocentric point of view in most news reports about foreign affairs

Dependence on U.S. government news sources

 most foreign news coverage supports U.S. foreign policy.

“Biases” in Political News p.2

Pro-Capitalism

Free market

Free trade

Anti-welfare type programs

Ex. Socialized medicine

Episodic, Fragmented, Incoherent coverage of political information

“Biases” in Political News p.3

Negativity and Scandal

Infotainment

The massive invasion of entertainment values in political reporting

Sensation and scandal replace stories about domestic policies, foreign policies, international issues, etc.

Affect of the Media on Public Opinions and Policy

Agenda-setting effects — the topics that get the most coverage in the media are the same ones that most people say are the most important problems

The media’s framing or interpretation of stories affects how people think about political problems.

In other words, not changing opinions as much as telling people what to think about and how to think about it

Affects of the Media

Fueling Cynicism

Attack journalism: serious consideration of the issues or of the behavior of institutions has lost out to regular coverage of personal misbehavior.

Negativity bias=Cynicism

Crash Course_Freedom of the Press

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Assignment status: Comparative Human Experience

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Compare and contrast consociational democracy with majoritarian democracy

Comparative Politics

Essay Topics

Final Research Paper

1. Compare and contrast consociational democracy with majoritarian democracy.

2. Why have countries such as Hungary and Poland, that were the frontrunners of democratization and market economy in Eastern Europe in 1990s, experienced democratic backsliding?

3. Charles Tilly argued that war makes the state and states make wars. Could the civil wars in Yugoslavia be considered as a mechanism of state-building in the Balkans?

4. Why do some kind of dictatorships survive crisis?

5. E. E. Schattschneider held that modern democracy is unthinkable without political parties. What is the role of political parties in democracy, what explains variations in party system institutionalization and polarization?

6. Compare and contrast majoritarian electoral systems with proportional electoral systems. Which of these electoral system families is more suitable to representative democracy? What effects do electoral systems have on the party system?

7. Scholars of democratic transitions and democratization (O’Donnell, Schmitter & Whitehead 1986; D.A. Rustow 1970) tend to highlight the role of political elites and elite pacts as mechanisms of regime change. Other scholars of democratization emphasize the role of social classes end economic modernization (Barrington Moore Jr.; Seymour Lipset). The Arab Spring triggered regime transitions in Egypt and Tunisia. Why the process of democratization was more successful in Tunisia than in Egypt? Which of the above theories explain better the difference in outcome (democratization)?

8. What is political culture and how is that reproduced or sustained through time? Is political culture a prerequisite/pre-condition for democratization or democratic institutions create a political culture that is supportive of democracy?

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Research question: According to African citizens how  does/ has the level of democracy in their country affect economic growth

Research question: According to African citizens how  does/ has the level of democracy in their country affect economic growth.

Variables in Afrobarometer set Q43A_ARB & Q46A

Write a 2- to 3-paragraph analysis of your correlation and bivariate regression results for each research question. If you are using the Afrobarometer Dataset, report the mean of Q1 (Age). If you are using the HS Long Survey Dataset, report the mean of X1SES. Do not forget to evaluate if the correlation and bivariate regression assumptions are met and report the effect size. In your analysis, display the data for the output. Based on your results, provide an explanation of what the implications of social change might be. 

Use proper APA format, citations, and referencing for your analysis, research question, and display of output.

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The Evolution of Democracy in the Early Republic

Assignment details: The Evolution of Democracy in the Early Republic Create a 500-750-word essay depicting the evolution of democracy from the time of President Jefferson to President Jackson. Be sure to include the following: 1.) How was the form of the American Republic different under Jackson than it was under Jefferson? 2.) What caused these changes? 3.) Why were these chang

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es significant to the future development of the American Republic?

Introduction

Up till now, Most American think that democracy is one of the best forms of governance. Many historian have argued that early political leaders from the time of President Jefferson to President Jackson were the first to allow democracy to prevail in the leadership and since democracy have evolved(Greenstein, 2006). Nonetheless, democracy has faced a lot of challenges because some few individual preferred the oppression of the multitude at the expense of the wealth and comfort. When President Jefferson promoted the rule of democracy and allowed the voice of the common man to be heard, his opposition criticized him. Similarly, President Jackson received a lot of criticism from the opposition when he allowed common man to visit Whitehouse during his inauguration

How the form of the American Republic different under Jackson that it was under Jefferson

            Thomas Jefferson was a spokesman and strong supporter for the multitude which is considered a common man in this essay. He…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….The Evolution of Democracy in the Early Republic……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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protected. Therefore, these changes were necessary in order to create a level a ground for the multitude and reach people to compete equally. It was necessary to create bills that would support the growth of democracy.

 

 

Reference

Greenstein, F. I. (2006). Presidential Difference in the Early Republic: The Highly Disparate Leadership Styles of Washington, Adams, and Jefferson. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 36(3): 373-390.

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Jason Brennan: Is Democracy

The assignment for this week:

  1. Watch the talk by Jason Brennan: Is Democracy Just?
    1. (Before answering the following questions, students should watch Brennan’s talk in its entirety.)

In light of Brennan’s claims and arguments, answer the following questions:

  1. Provide a normative definition of ‘justice’.
    1. (A normative definition is prescriptive rather than descriptive: tell me how the term should be defined.)
  2. Expand upon your definition of ‘justice’ by sharing what the foundations of justice ought to be.
    1. (Answering this question will allow you to define the term ‘Justice’ more fully; so that I will understand what you mean when you say, “justice” or “just” in the questions that follow.)
    2. (Be specific: provide a detailed explanation.)
    3. (This assignment requires that you take a stance: i.e. answering that ‘justice’ “…can mean many things…” will not earn credit for this assignment. Provide a specific answer and explore that answer. Your answer does not have to be simple or singular, but it does need to be specific.)
  3. Is the political system in the United States Just? Explain.
    1. Apply your articulation of ‘justice’ from parts 2 and 3 to this question.

Depending on your answer to number four, answer either 5 or 6 [below].

  1. If the system is just, how should we defend it?
    1. (i.e. what facts would help to demonstrate this for someone that might not agree?)
  2. If the system is unjust, how should we refine it to make it to better approximate a just system?

Finally:

  1. Offer your opinion(s) on the ideas expressed by Jason Brennan.
    1. (For the purposes of the question above, an opinion is defined as follows: an opinion is a belief which is explicitly supported by verifiable or falsifiable facts. An opinion is not a collection of preferences. Any claim supported by only inclination, preference, or hearsay will not be considered an “opinion”.)

(If you are feeling lost when considering what might count as a foundation of justice, please take some time to reflect upon the material of this course: intrinsic vs instrumental value, hedonism, egoism, altruism, utilitarianism, deontology, teleology and virtue, social contract theory, etcetera.)

Parameters:

  • Length: between 350 and 650 words.
  • No quotations or paraphrasing of any source material. Express everything in your own words.
  • Any sources reviewed as a part of this assignment should be included in a bibliography.
    • (A “bibliography” is a Book-Map. I want to see where you’ve been and what you have considered. Include links to any youtube videos watched, any articles or blogs read, and any other source of information that you encountered while preparing for or completing this assignment. Hint* every student should include [at least] the assigned video and our assigned text-books in their bibliography.)
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Watch the talk by Jason Brennan: Is Democracy Just

 The assignment for this week:

  1. Watch the talk by Jason Brennan: Is Democracy Just?
    1. (Before answering the following questions, students should watch Brennan’s talk in its entirety.)

In light of Brennan’s claims and arguments, answer the following questions:

  1. Provide a normative definition of ‘justice’.
    1. (A normative definition is prescriptive rather than descriptive: tell me how the term should be defined.)
  2. Expand upon your definition of ‘justice’ by sharing what the foundations of justice ought to be.
    1. (Answering this question will allow you to define the term ‘Justice’ more fully; so that I will understand what you mean when you say, “justice” or “just” in the questions that follow.)
    2. (Be specific: provide a detailed explanation.)
    3. (This assignment requires that you take a stance: i.e. answering that ‘justice’ “…can mean many things…” will not earn credit for this assignment. Provide a specific answer and explore that answer. Your answer does not have to be simple or singular, but it does need to be specific.)
  3. Is the political system in the United States Just? Explain.
    1. Apply your articulation of ‘justice’ from parts 2 and 3 to this question.

Depending on your answer to number four, answer either 5 or 6 [below].

  1. If the system is just, how should we defend it?
    1. (i.e. what facts would help to demonstrate this for someone that might not agree?)
  2. If the system is unjust, how should we refine it to make it to better approximate a just system?

Finally:

  1. Offer your opinion(s) on the ideas expressed by Jason Brennan.
    1. (For the purposes of the question above, an opinion is defined as follows: an opinion is a belief which is explicitly supported by verifiable or falsifiable facts. An opinion is not a collection of preferences. Any claim supported by only inclination, preference, or hearsay will not be considered an “opinion”.)

(If you are feeling lost when considering what might count as a foundation of justice, please take some time to reflect upon the material of this course: intrinsic vs instrumental value, hedonism, egoism, altruism, utilitarianism, deontology, teleology and virtue, social contract theory, etcetera.)

Parameters: