Types Of Theories – Modernisation – Dependency – Neoliberalism – Post Development – Uneven Development Choose two of the above theories which best addresses the developmental challenges facing South Africa and the region, then Provide a critical review of each theory and argue why one particular theory is more appropriate to your analysis than the other and Why All plagiarism (using others’ words and ideas without acknowledgement) will result in a penalty. APA REF STYLE 500 words excluding refs
You will need to find 4 articles located in scholarly journals. Scholarly journal articles are also referred as primary source peer reviewed articles. A scholarly journal article can be found in the South University Online Library. To find more information regarding utilizing the South University Library and accessing scholarly journal articles click on Library Guide. What cannot be used for this assignment are web pages, magazines, newspapers, text books, and other books. Finally, current research for our purposes is an article that was published within the last 5 to 6 years.
Remember this is a course on human development so when looking for articles make sure they are related to the subject matter covered in the course. To help in your search here are some of the major areas we covered in this course (these are meant as a guide, not specific topics to find).
Major developmental theories across the lifespan Nature of geographic, gender, social, cognitive, emotional, and developmental factors during each period of development Developmental factors that impact one another. Historical and current trends in development Current trends which may differentially impact the future development of populations in the United States Social, and diversity issues related to developmental psychology With the major areas above in mind, focus on at least two of the following age groups:
Childhood Adolescence Adulthood Older Adults First, give an overview of each article, including:
Write a 2-paragraph summary for each article. Write a 1-2 paragraph analysis and evaluation for each article found. Make sure to integrate course material in that analysis Then, write a summary (1-2 pages) integrating what was leaned from the articles reviewed on the chosen age groups as seen from the life-span perspective. Cover the following in that summary:
What similarities did you find in the types of research and what was being studied? What differences did you find? Based on your course readings, what developmental theories did you find that were applicable? Explain how the life-span perspective may provide a way of better understanding the research reviewed.
The first article by Jaworska&MacQueen, (2015) authors look at the gap that exists in the understanding of the way that brain of an adolescentdevelops. The work is based on clinical research which entails the treatment of adolescents with emerging and established forms of psychiatric disorders. In this article thus, the authors have been able to suggest that as much as basis research regard development of the brain during adolescents will appear to be thriving, the people’s understanding on how one can approach the whole development window from both the policy and clinical perspective is still an issue.
The authors argue that there is need to conduct more research on clinical aspects so that the treatment of adolescents with various psychiatric illnesses is one that is well informed. There is also great need to come up with developmental science that will be able to inform clinicians and psychiatrists on policies which are important to young people like how they can approach challenges of substance abuse(Jaworska&MacQueen, 2015). There should also be need for pre-clinical studies on nicotine, alcohol and cannabis among other substances which reveal that adolescents usually have different forms of brain response and sensitivity to these substances.
The second article by Kelly & Millar, (2017) authors discuss the transition period for the adolescents and challenges that come with negotiation the transition from dependence on parents to becoming independent. With the changes in the social relations, this is not a very unique demand for the modern youth, it however has an evolutionary history which is shared among different groups(Kelly & Millar, 2017). However, when behavioural changes are observed in an emotive and explorative behaviourduring the transition to adolescents and the underlying issues in the basis of maladaptive and adaptive functions it is important for psychiatric intervention to guide these youth in their decision.
Due to these changes, the authors argue that it is important during the transitional period from dependence on parents that adolescents are taken through emotive and explorative mechanisms where parents and guardians take time to allow them explore their goals in life as this will enable them develop positively as they transition to adulthood. Such mechanisms have continued to evolve over different generations, thus…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Major developmental theories across the lifespan
In 500-750 words, analyze life course offenders using developmental theories of crime by doing the following:
Find an example of a person who is or was a life course offender (someone with a very long criminal history, serial killers, etc.).
Determine if the criminal’s persistent offending can be explained using life course, latent trait, and trajectory theories. If any of those three theories do not account for the criminal’s persistent offending, explain why. Explain which of the three theories best account for this criminal’s persistent offending. Use the GCU Library to locate three to five relevant, scholarly sources in support of your content, no older than 5 years.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the GCU Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This analysis selected a serial killer of late sixties and throughout seventies, Ted Bundy who was connected to at least thirty-six count of murder in the United States. Ted Bundy confessed to have killed thirty women in seven states and was later sentenced to death and subsequently executed using electric chair on 24 January, 1989. The general appearance of the serial killer was an interesting, smart and attracting man. He used these traits to lore young women who were the most victims. Several studies conducted to determine the factors that motivated Ted Bundy to be serial killer pointed out to his unbalanced upbringing as a youth affected his later life. Most of the researcher used process perspective.
For example, Ted Bundy was born in Burlington, Vermont in 1946 to Eleanor Louise Cowell and Air Force father and was named Theodore Robert Cowell. Ted was brought up in a middle-class family with the mother being the majority parent due to the nurture of the work of his father. Ted Bundy spend most of his young life with mentally challenged grandfather and at some point, he considered his parents as parent figures and his mother as his sister(Reid, 2017). Due to persistent of this fantasy, Ted Bundy internalized it and this could be the start of the problem. Most of the people who interacted with Ted Bundy in his childhood knew him as perfect gentleman. As oppose to many his colleague who perfectly fitted in a while-collar job, Ted Bundy chose the path that eventually lead to downfall.
Applied Criminology Theory Analysis of the Ted’s background suggested that his childhood growth significantly impacted his future actions. For example, Life Cours…………………………………………………………………………………………………
Topic 1: Chapter 12 presents several kinds of developmental programs on pages 423–426. Which of these would be most helpful for you and why? What do you want to learn more about related to developmental programs? Topic 2: Table 12-4 identifies career development tools. These are discussed on pages 417–426. Which of these do you think would be most effective in your career development and why? Identify which career development tool you will address in the subject line of your answer post. For example, Subject: Employee Self-Assessment Tools.
Development programs are meant to assist the employees to acquire job-related skills and behaviors. It is very imperative for the organizations to use development programs that focus on the current job position and it is aligned with the employee career path in the future. For example, in the medical field, the development programs are aimed at equipping the medical professionals with the skills and knowledge that facilitate them in the achievement ofhigher performance, increased success levels, attainment of organizational goals and reduced turnover rate within the organization(Gomez-Mejia, et al., 2010). Several kinds of development programs include on-the job-training, retraining, computer-based training, self-direct learning, classroom, and orientation.
Analysis indicated that on-the job training and development program is commonly used by the organizations to reduce the expense of out-of-pocket and save time. Nonetheless, most organization uses these development programs to facilitate new employees to quickly settle down and helps the present employees to enhance their skills(Daft, 2005). It is important to understand that some of these development programs may have positive and negative impact on the organization due to investment the company incurs. In this case, the most helpful to development programs is on-the job-training, computer-based training, and self-direct learning.
These development programs play critical role in helping the employees to acquire hand-on experience and improve quality service delivery. I believe these training and development programs will help me gel with other core workers and deliver the goals of the organization. It will facilitate me to acquire the skills and build the knowledge that will be beneficial to me at the organizational level as well as at the personal level(Gomez-Mejia, et al., 2010). I would like to learn more on how the development programs enables the organizations to select and hire employees with the right attitude and skills needed to propel the organization to be successful. More specifically how the development program helps the organization to retain employees for a longtime and minimize turnover rate.
Topic 2: Career development tools
There are six career development tools that are commonly used by individuals and organization: one-on-one professional career development coaching, creating and implementing career development plan, use of career development software at various stages of career development, career development assessment, colleague and peer reviewing and brainstorming, and employee performance appraisal based on the past and present employers. Based on my present career, I believe career development coaching…………………………………………………………………………………………………
sing this book ((lifespan development 7th edition boyd )) this book must be one of the 3 sources you will use for this essay. Please read the discussion guidelines carefully.
Instructions Overview The purpose of this assignment is to further your understanding of late adulthood. Instructions Use the Essay Rubric to guide your essay writing.
Please watch the Ted Talk Seeking Immortality
What do you think about the biologist’s claim that aging is a problem society needs to address? Do you agree or disagree and why? What are the advantages and disadvantages of developing ways to slow aging or repairing the damage of developmentally normal aging? What are the ethical concerns? What might the consequences be, both positive and negative, for a culture that pursues the slowing of aging? How might such pursuits impact this stage of development according to the theories we have studied?
*****please see the (((Essay Guidelines)))
Students must submit a substantial, detailed, and well-thought-out 1000-word essay for modules 2-5. Essays will require you to show a clear comprehension of the material covered in the module in addition to a clear and thorough evaluation of that material. These essays will be submitted in the Assignment folder. Please be aware that all assignment submissions will be checked for plagiarism.
Each essay must include a thesis statement in the opening paragraph and reference page at the end. Please see the Course Schedule in the Syllabus to determine when the essays for each module are due.
All essays must use Times New Roman 12 point or Verdana 10 point font, be double-spaced, have 1″ margins, and include a total word count (not including the reference page at the end). You must use and reference at least three different academic sources, two of which must come from an academic, scholarly, peer-reviewed journal (see the following list of acceptable journals). If you use a website, please make sure that it is high quality, scholarly, well-cited, and well-researched before referencing it. Wikipedia or similar references will not be accepted.
Students must use APA style to cite within the body of the essay and for the references listed at the end of the essay. Review the APA style guide provided on the Purdue Owl Website at https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/.
Acceptable journals include:
Developmental Psychology
Health Psychology
Journal of Counseling Psychology
Journal of Family Psychology
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Journal of Counseling & Development
Counseling & Clinical Psychology Journal
Journal of College Counseling
Journal of Mental Health Counseling
Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology
Journal of Clinical Child Psychology
Journal of Clinical Psychology
Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development
International Journal for the Psychology of Religion
Human aging and chronic diseases associated with old age have caused the greatest challenge and financial burdens in the world. In the developed world, the number of people in the old age is increasingly growing mainly due to the baby boom. In addition to their demanding care, aged people suffer from many age-related chronic illnesses which cost millions of dollars annually. Although the development of interventions to lengthen life by combating aging is one of the ways that scientists believe can help solve the challenges associated with aging it has attracted widespread skepticism about the negative impact it may bring.
The biologists claim in the video clip “Seeking Immortality”, that aging is a problem that society must combat is true. Although aging is a natural and biological process, it comes with increased healthcare costs associated with treatment of diseases associated with old age and for the care of the aged. According to (Kelley, McGarry, Gorges & Skinner, 2015) there has been a decline in the rates of growth of Medicare and a reduction in total healthcare bill paid by patients from their pockets in the United States of America. What this suggests is that the U.S government is allocating resources in the protection of the healthcare needs of the old. However, this could have an impact on the costs of healthcare.
Moreover, research has found that the proportion of the old in the United States and other developed countries is increasing (Longo et al., 2015). This means that more and more proportion of the population will consist of the aged. Given the growth of proportion of people in old age and the fact that many of this population segment suffer from many chronic illnesses such as cancer, this would lead to increased costs of healthcare. Kelley, McGarry, Gorges & Skinner (2015) in their study done among population of people aged 70, found that the healthcare costs for people suffering from dementia was higher than those of other diseases and that most of these expense remained uncovered. The means increased financial burden to the government and the people directly responsible for the care of the old. In order to combat the problems caused by aging and those……………………………………………………………………………………………………
In 2006, the 130-year-old American Association on Mental Retardation changed its name to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities because it recognized that within the culture of its membership opinion toward the term mental retardation had turned negative. In its press release, an official noted, “This new name is an idea whose time has come. Individuals with disabilities and family members do not like the term mental retardation and their advocacy is encouraging political and social change at national, state, and local levels. Our members demanded that we keep up with [the] times and they voted for this name change” (American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2006).
Like the disabilities field, the field of addictions also relies on terms and labels to diagnose, treat, and intervene. One precaution in working in the field is to understand the controversy surrounding labeling, the effect of labeling on clients, and the influence of cultural context on labels. A consideration affecting assessment and treatment is the underlying model used to inform processes.
This week, you examine the implications of labeling in addictions assessment, and you explore the relationship between addiction models and assessment processes.
Objectives
Students will:
Analyze implications of labeling in the addictions assessment process
Analyze influences of cultural context on labeling in the addictions assessment process
Analyze the relationship between models of addiction and assessment processes
Evaluate controversies associated with models of addiction
Required Resources
Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.
Readings
Gordis, E. (2009). Contributions of behavioral science to alcohol research: Understanding who is at risk and why. In G. A. Marlatt, & K. Witkiewitz (Eds.), Addictive behaviors: New readings on etiology, prevention, and treatment (pp. 19–32). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Addictive Behaviors: New Readings on Etiology, Prevention, and Treatment, 1st Edition by Marlatt, G. & Witkiewitz, K. Copyright 2008 by American Psychological Association. Reprinted by permission of American Psychological Association via the Copyright Clearance Center.
For your Assignment, focus on thevarious hypotheses that describe why some individuals develop addictions and how certain age groupings are affected by alcohol.
Miller, G. (2010). Learning the language of addiction counseling. New York, NY: Wiley. Learning the Language of Addiction Counseling [Third Edition] by Gerri Miller. Copyright 2012 by John Wiley and Sons – Books. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley and Sons – Books via the Copyright Clearance Center
Chapter 1, “Introduction”
For your Assignment, focus on the various models of addiction and how they might relate to assessment.
Allamani, A. (2008). Views and models about addiction: Differences between treatments for alcohol-dependent people and for illicit drug consumers in Italy. Substance Use & Misuse, 43(12/13), 1704–1728. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
Focus on the cultural context surrounding substance abuse and dependence and gambling.
Kroska, A., & Harkness, S. K. (2008). Exploring the role of diagnosis in the modified labeling theory of mental illness. Social Psychology Quarterly, 71(2), 193–208. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
Focus on the concept of consequences of labeling to the individual. Though this article is focused on mental illness, the concepts apply to the field of addictions.
Richard, A. J., Trevino, R. A., Baker, M., & Valdez, J. (2010). Negative reflected appraisal, negative self-perception, and drug use intentions in a sample of suburban high school students. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 19(3), 193–209. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
Focus on how labeling might affect adolescents.
Van der Aa, N., Overbeek, G., Engels, R. C. M. E., Scholte, R. H. J., Meerkerk, G-J.,& den Eijnden, R. J. J. M. (2009). Daily and compulsive internet use and well-being in adolescence: A diathesis-stress model based on Big Five personality traits. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 38(6), 765-776. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
For your Assignment, focus on how the diathesis-stress model is applied in assessing Internet addiction in adolescents. Pay particular attention to how this model was incorporated into the assessment of Dutch adolescents in order to study their behavior.
Young, R. S., & Joe, J. R. (2009).Some thoughts about the epidemiology of alcohol and drug use among American Indian/Alaska Native populations. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 8(3), 223–241. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
Focus on the cultural context of alcoholism in the Indian/Alaska Native populations. How might such labels as alcoholic and drinker differ in these populations as opposed to a different population in the United States?
Addiction Treatment Magazine. (2011). New definition of addiction causing controversy among doctors. Retrieved from http://www.addictiontreatmentmagazine.com/addiction/new-definition-addiction-controversy/ Focus on how the new definition of addiction differs from definitions of years past. Why would this new definition be controversial? How would it affect treatment and practices?
Application: Models of Addiction and the Assessment Process
Several models are prominent in the field of addictions; these models include the medical model, moral model, and the biopsychosocial model. A particular model advocated by an addictions professional will influence the professional’s choices of assessment methods and treatment of addiction.
To prepare:
Consider the following definition of addiction by Michael Miller, M.D., former president of the American Society of Addiction Medicine: “At its core, addiction is not just a social problem or a moral problem or a criminal problem. It is a brain problem whose behaviors manifest in all these others areas…The disease is about brains, not drugs. It is about underlying neurology, not outward actions” (Addiction Treatment Magazine, 2011).
Assignment Directions:
Review the article, “New Definition of Addiction Causing Controversy Among Doctors.”
Research two articles that support or refute this position.
Examine Miller’s statement and, based on your research, identify which model it reflects and the implications for the assessment process.
Submit by Day 7 a 2- to 4-page paper that includes the following:
A brief description of the articles you chose and an explanation of their significance to Miller’s definition
An explanation of the model reflected in Miller’s statement and its implications for the assessment process
An explanation of the controversy that exists between models of addiction and their effects on assessment
An explanation of the relationship between the models of addiction and assessment processes
Psychology: Models of Addiction and the Assessment Process
(Course Instructor)
(University Affiliation)
(Student’s Name)
A Review of “New Definition of Addiction Causing Controversy among Doctors”
The increased attention that the gravity of addiction has posed for many years, has led to redefinition of the approaches to its treatment. According (Addiction Treatment Magazine, 2011) Dr. Miller, former president of the American Society of Addiction Medicine, addiction is a brain disease. In order to validate his claims, the paper undertakes a review of two articles that either support of dismiss Miller’s claims.
Drug addiction. Is it a disease or is it based on choice? A review of Gene Heyman’s addiction: A disorder of choice. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 95(2), 263–267.
Authored by Gene Heyman and reviewed by Branch in 2012, the article sought to demystify the controversy surrounding the views held on the problem of addiction. The article undertook a review of the surveys on historical, clinical, anthropological, clinical and laboratory basis in order to create their argument regarding the disorder. According to the author, the surveys create compelling statements that conceptualization of addiction is not only erroneous but also misleading. Whilst using the data available, the author points that most drug addicts successfully quit drug-addiction, a fact that was inconsistent with chronic diseases. Therefore, the author concluded that addiction is not a brain disease.
Addiction Technology Transfer Network. Addiction is a disease Authored by the Addiction Technology Transfer Network, the article asserts that addiction is a chronic mental illness that is comparable in its etiology to that of chronic illness (Addiction Technology Transfer Network, n.d.). The article points that through a literature review that compared the response to treatment, etio……………………………………..
Developmental assessments are crucial when assessing children and adolescents. These assessments allow healthcare professionals to track and trend the mental and physical health of their clients. It is also used to help identify any delays in a client’s development and ensure developmental milestones are reached. Developmental assessments are also key components that assist in accurately diagnosing and treating clients with evidence-based procedures (CDC, 2020).
Two Assessments
Two assessments used in children and adolescents, but not adults, are the CRIES (Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale) and PEDS (Pediatric Emotional Distress Scale) scale. The CRIES scale is given to children eight years old and older, and it can assist the provider in diagnosing and treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) depending on the client’s score (Verlinden et al., 2015). There are two forms of this scale, which come in an eight or 13 item questionnaire. CRIES aims to provide a look into how a traumatic event has impacted a child (Verlinden et al.).
PEDS is a parent-report scale that consists of 21 items and is used in the pediatric population (National Child Traumatic Stress Network, (n.d.). PEDS helps to identify specific symptoms and behaviors in children ages 2 to 10 following stressful or traumatic events (National Child Traumatic Stress Network). The scale encompasses 17 general behavior items, four items specific to trauma, and each item corresponds to being anxious or withdrawn, fearful, and acting out (National Child Traumatic Stress Network).
Both scales are geared towards measuring the child’s emotional distress related to traumatic events. They are specific to children, and to use the CRIES scale, the child must read and comprehend well enough for the scale to yield accurate results. These scales are not intended for adults as the questions within them are more for assessing child-like behaviors, which are not typically seen in adults.
Two Treatment Options
Positive parenting program and play therapy are two forms of treatment options used for treating issues related to children and adolescents. Positive parenting program is a comprehensive, evidence-based program designed for family and parental support (Ashori et al., 2019). The positive parenting program assists the parents of children in managing behaviors in a safe and healthy manner while promoting positive relationships within a family (Ashori et al.). This program also destigmatizes children with behaviors and increased the parents’ confidence, helping with assertive discipline (Ashori et al.).
Play therapy is an effective form of psychotherapy used to treat mental illness and behavioral problems in children and adolescents. During play therapy, the child leads the therapist through play (Senko and Bethany, 2019). This allows the therapists to create an environment where the client feels safe, promoting communication of difficult topics and allowing for a therapeutic alliance (Senko and Bethany). These two treatment options are not suitable for treating adults as positive parenting focuses on strengthening the parent’s ability to manage their children’s behavior, and play therapy uses recreational time as an outlet to encourage communication.
The Role of Parents
Parents are essential to the interviewing, assessment, and treatment process of children and adolescents. They provide and validate information given by the client, ensure treatment outside of the facility, and assist the practitioner is decision making and monitoring. Parents provide an environment that is conducive to healthy progression and living. This helps with the implementation of treatment. Young clients whose parents are actively involved in their care are more likely to have positive health outcomes and be more compliant (Ashori et al.).
References
Ashori, M., Norouzi, G., and Jalil-Abkenar, S. (2019). The effect of positive parenting program
on mental in mothers of children with intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil. Vol
23(3): 385-396. doi: 10.1177/1744629518824899.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Developmental Monitoring and Screening.
Assignment 3Individual Assessment (35%) STOTT’S COLLEGE Due Date: Week 10 (word count 1500 – 1800) Choose one life event from your own experience e.g. welcoming a new sibling, moving into a new house, attending high school, coming to Australia. Using two theories of development, Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory and one other Developmental Theory from the list below • Bowlby-Ainsworth Attachment Theory, • Maslow’s Hierarch of Needs or • Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory, explain the impact of your chosen life event on your development. (A brief discussion of the 2 theories before applying them would be beneficial). Remember to consider your situation when discussing the theories; the assessor knows the generic models of the theories, but you need to discuss them for your context. What were the elements in your microsystem? Which needs were most urgent for you at that time? Who was your attachment figure? Your written essay should include at least 7 current (less than 10 years old) scholarly journal articles, in addition to textbook references. Adherence to the course formatting guidelines is essential (e.g. spacing, font, coversheet, word count); these are listed under the Assessment tab on your unit site. APA referencing both in-text and in the Reference List is required – please see resources on the library site for information. Do NOT utilise sources such as www.tutor2u.com and other such web materials as thesein noway constituteacademicreferencesforthepurposeofyourassignments. If you rely on such sources for theoretical support, you will be deemed NOT to have met the requirementsof the assessment
