1.
Majdanek was the very first concentration camp liberated by the Soviet forces, and they immediately commenced investigations with the intention of prosecuting the guards and officers for war crimes. Which statement BEST explains why the Soviets felt so outraged and determined to try Nazis for what happened at Majdanek?
Poland was an ally of the Soviets, so they were determined to avenge any blood shed while the Nazis had occupied it.
The Soviets believed in hard labor for prisoners but the use of chemical gas to exterminate prisoners was reprehensible to them.
The camp was left with thousands of Soviet POWs so what had happened here was truly war crimes in Soviet eyes.
2.
The result of a relatively incompetent commandant, what especially stood out about the camp at Majdanek when the Soviets arrived?
It was the only camp with live prisoners left in it to testify.
It was almost completely intact with little evidence destroyed.
All the prisoners in the camp had been exterminated.
3.
As the Soviet troops approached, Nazi officials ordered prisoners of Auschwitz to march toward Germany. Which prisoner would MOST likely be left behind?
Kuba, age 18, who had worked in the munitions factory
Magda, a 35-year-old worker in the sorting house
Yankel, age 23, who had contracted typhus
Anya, a 30-year-old Jewish midwife
4.
Tzeitel and her sister Chava were among those liberated at Auschwitz when the Soviet troops arrived. The two girls had been transported from their home on the Russian/Polish border to the camp almost two years before. When the Nazis came to the village of Parkoszewo, they first took Tzeitel’s father. Then they came for the rest of the family. Tzeitel does not know if her father has survived the Holocaust, and the only way she can think to find him is to return to their village. As many of the liberated prisoners did, how will Tzeitel and Chava MOST likely find their way home?
They were given rides on the tanks of Russian soldiers.
They walked back to their village on foot.
They first went to DP camps and then were dispersed by bus home.
5.
As they encountered and liberated concentration camps, American troops became more and more shocked by the scenes in front of them. By far, Dachau was the worst of the camps that US soldiers were exposed to. How were the conditions at Dachau related to the liquidation of some of the other camps?
Dachau had somehow been forgotten when the liquidation of camps was happening.
Thousands of prisoners had been sent to Dachau as other camps liquidated, creating overcrowding.
The commandant of Dachau refused to leave his post as other commandants did, keeping Dachau intact for liberators.
6.
How did the Nazi officials plan to deal with remaining prisoners in Bergen-Belsen?
They planned to send all to the gas chambers and then cremate the bodies.
They planned to leave them in place without food or water to starve to death.
They planned to move them to another camp within the German borders.
7.
Why were the rations provided by the UNRRA insufficient for recovering prisoners?
They did not have enough starch to provide needed vitamins.
They were high in starch and couldn’t be digested by refugees.
They only sent a small amount because they didn’t know the scope of the issue.
8.
How many refugees eventually settled in Israel?
80,000
136,000
250,000
9.
Even though some thought that Palestine was a good spot for repatriated Jews, what alternative did Britain offer instead?
They detoured the emigrants to the island of Cyprus.
They wanted the Jews sent to Siberia instead.
They championed the Madagascar Plan to settle the Jews.
10.
DP camps were placed well away from concentration camp sites.
True
False
11.
In the displaced persons camps, Orthodox Judaism experienced a resurgence.
True
False
12.
How did Operation Brandt impact German soldiers?
Operation Brandt provided care for traumatized soldiers.
Operation Brandt killed shell-shocked soldiers, defining them as mentally ill.
Operation Brandt sent German soldiers into Poland.
13.
Which Nazi concentration camp was known for having a huge population of Roma?
Dachau
Auschwitz-Birkenau
Bergen-Belsen
14.
Jardani is a Sinti who has been swept up in the Nazi raids. He is transferred to a concentration camp, along with other Romani. Jardani feels that no one understands what is happening and decides to petition for help. Since Jardani is Sinti, who would he MOST likely ask for help?
He would ask only other Sinti or Roma.
He might reach out to the Catholic bishop.
He might attempt to contact the American government.
15.
Why were many Roma recipes and traditions lost after the elderly Romani were killed during the war?
Roma did not have many children, so they died out.
Roma did not write down their history, so it died with the elderly.
The younger generation did not care about Romani culture.
16.
In the plan to settle all of Europe with their new, superior race, the Nazis did make allowances for some types of people who might be able to be absorbed into their culture or Germanized. Why weren’t the Polish people found suitable for Germanization?
They did not have desirable features like blond hair and blue eyes.
Their political views were not considered compatible with Nazi philosophy.
They were of a religion that the Nazis could not tolerate.
17.
In the 1930s, concentration camps within Germany were filling with political prisoners. At that time, what was the ultimate plan for these prisoners?
They were to be rehabilitated because they were racially valuable.
They were to be worked to death because they were not good for society.
They were to be executed publicly as warning to all who rebelled.
18.
How was the Law for Prevention of Hereditary Disease used when it came to chronic alcoholics or beggars on the street?
The law was used to force sterilization on them.
The law was used to send them to the gas chamber.
This law did not apply to asocials like alcoholics or homeless.
19.
How did the Nazi government view those who were homosexual?
They were seen as an inferior race.
They were seen as treasonous against Germany.
They were suspected of collaborating with Communists.
20.
Operation Brandt is named after a street in Berlin.
True
False
21.
When evidence was presented about the horrible conditions present in Bergen-Belsen, defendants Walther Funk and Hans Fritzche were visibly distressed. What MOST likely fueled this reaction?
They were worried that what they’d done was now exposed.
They had not been aware of the extent of the conditions.
They were upset that Hitler was not there to see the destruction.
22.
As part of his work coordinating the delivery of Zyklon B gas for his company, CEO Hermann Schmitz made trips to camps in Poland, Germany, the Netherlands, Ukraine, and Belarus. According to the policies for categorizing claims laid out by the Moscow Declaration, how would the prosecution of Schmitz be handled?
He would be executed instead of awaiting trial.
He would be given the option to forfeit his company.
He would be tried as a defendant in an international court.
23.
Although some officials favored execution of Nazi war criminals over trial, it was very important to the United States and Great Britain that the defendants be given their due process. Along with the usual set up in an American or British court of law, the defendants had most rights guaranteed to them that they would if on trial in each country. What right of defendants in the American court system did Nuremburg Trial defendants NOT have?
They were not allowed to testify on their own behalf.
They were not allowed to have defense attorneys.
They were not allowed to plead the Fifth against self-incrimination.
24.
During the trial, video of the British liberation of Bergen-Belsen was played for all to see. Afterwards, defendant Goering said, “Then they showed that awful film, and it just spoiled everything!” What did he most likely mean by this statement?
He was shocked at what he saw, and it made him remorseful about his Nazi involvement.
He worried that it made the Nazi cause look less noble than he believed it to be.
He did not believe that the film was real footage but was convinced it was fake.
25.
Marie Claude Vaillant-Courturier testified about the selection process at Auschwitz, the experiments of Mengele, and the death march. Why do you think her testimony was MOST important in the eyes of the French prosecution?
She was one of the few survivors of Auschwitz who could testify.
She was able to point out Mengele and give detailed accounts of his experiments.
She was one of their own, a French journalist who represented other French victims.
26.
How did the new German government deal with citizens who had played a part in the Nazi activities?
They appealed to the IMT to pardon all lower level Nazis.
They dealt harshly with and executed anyone who had been Nazi.
They held over 900 trials of their own to bring accomplices to justice.
27.
In order to apply for a passport, displaced persons could get the Vatican Refugee Organisation to write out a document identifying them. This is how many former Nazis were able to obtain passports to escape the country. Why was the Vatican Refugee Organisation allowed to write out identification documents?
They were not allowed to; what they were doing was illegal.
Many refugees had no real identification documents left.
The Vatican had kept birth and death records for all prisoners.
28.
From where would a former Nazi official MOST likely expect to leave Europe if they were being smuggled out by Catholic friars or bishops?
Hamburg, Germany
Rotterdam, Netherlands
Genoa, Italy
29.
Although she is Jewish and remembers hearing her father discuss the Nuremberg Trials that were held after the war, Rachel has not given them a lot of thought. She is now in college and hears that Adolf Eichmann has been found. He is to be tried in Israel for his crimes. Everyone in her dorm is
buzzing with the news. Why is Rachel likely to pay more attention to these proceedings than those from the 1940s?
She has a better understanding of the Holocaust than those who lived in the 40s.
The trial is going to be televised, unlike the first ones, and Rachel can watch them.
This defendant is more important than any of the other ones who have been tried before.
Eichmann is the last surviving Nazi who escaped justice after the Holocaust.
30.
When it was uncovered that Mossad had taken Eichmann right off the streets of Argentina, both the United States and Argentina demanded that he be returned in order to stand trial in a proper court of law. Why would this demand, particularly from Argentina, have sounded hollow to the Israelis?
Argentina knew who Eichmann was and had not prosecuted him yet, so there was little chance they would now.
Israeli leaders felt that Argentina had no idea what kind of crimes Eichmann had committed and there was no explaining them.
Argentina had already tried and failed to capture Eichmann several times before giving up and letting him stay free.
31.
As a child, Eliana watched her mother prepare for every Sabbath. She saw her father get dressed to attend the synagogue. Eliana never really thought much about this, only that they were family traditions. After surviving the Holocaust, Eliana becomes regular in attending services in the synagogue. She devotes much time to prayer and endeavors to teach her children about the importance of following Jewish tradition. Which statement BEST describes the way religion has affected Eliana’s life?
Eliana became much less religious after the Holocaust.
Eliana felt the same way about religion after the Holocaust as she did before.
Eliana used religion to cope with what she had experienced during the Holocaust.
Eliana became disillusioned about her parent’s religion and found one of her own.
32.
Which official resolution expanded on those put forth in the Nuremberg Code concerning physician’s responsibilities when conducting experiments on patients?
Genocide Convention
Declaration of Geneva
Declaration of Helsinki
33.
After the Nuremberg Trials were over and the Geneva Convention was convened, the power to prosecute for crimes against humanity or genocide became the responsibility of which organization?
German government
United Nations
Allied Powers
34.
Eli was 15 when he was transported to the camps. He watched his bunkmates die of dysentery and typhoid fever. When the Nazis began to realize that Allied forces were moving in, Eli and his fellow prisoners were made to march for miles in the snow toward Germany. Now that he is an adult, Eli visits colleges, speaking about his experiences during the Holocaust. Which phrase BEST describes Eli’s speaking engagements?
Holocaust denial
Holocaust distortion
Holocaust misuse
Holocaust education
35.
Many Holocaust deniers even doubt the idea of gas chambers in the work camps, as they like to refer to them. Which fact would MOST likely threaten their assertion?
A photo was taken of bodies laid out next to the main barracks in Nordhausen camp.
The eyewitness testimony of Eliahu Rosenberg described removing bodies after gassing.
Majdanek was abandoned and several gas chambers were left intact, along with witnesses.
36.
Tasha is working on a research paper about the Holocaust. She finds an article online that asserts that Jewish citizens of Germany held more than 90 percent of the country’s money before the Nazi party came to power. This greed, the article explains, in the face of German reparations that were causing regular people to go hungry was the basis for the boycott of Jewish businesses. Tasha finds that fact interesting and wants to put it into her research paper. What might be a good question for Tasha to consider before she cites this article in her research?
Are these claims exaggerated?
Has this fact been used anywhere else online?
Does this fact give a good reason for the boycott?
37.
The DP camps provided counseling and mental health services.
True
False
38.
Dominique is worried for her friend Ange. Ange is a Tutsi and Dominique has heard that men from the next village are coming through looking for all Tutsi. The people are told to point out Tutsi to the soldiers when they arrive. Dominique quickly hides Ange in her home, hoping that the vicious soldiers will pass by without noticing her. Later, Dominique and Ange speak at public events of their friendship that withstood a genocide. To which genocide would they most likely be referring?
The Bosnian Genocide
The Rwandan Genocide
The Genocide in Darfur
39.
A dictator rules his country by force. He allows his security team to enforce the law as they see fit. Many times, they mete out punishment by brutally beating or torturing those from whom they want to get information. Proof of what is happening garners the attention of members of the United Nations. Which specific charge would this incident MOST likely fall under?
crimes against humanity
war crimes
genocide
terrorism
40.
A skirmish breaks out over a disputed area between the border of two nations. Each country claims ownership of the area, although there are people living there who hail from both sides. The skirmish escalates until both countries are sending tanks and airplanes to secure what they believe is their property. One commander manages to capture a local police precinct, executing the head of police and his deputies. Later, when called to account for the deaths of these civilians, which specific charge would the commander MOST likely be charged with?
crimes against humanity
war crimes
genocide
terrorism
41.
Although many countries recognize the fact that almost 2 million Armenians were starved or worked to death under the Ottoman Empire, why is it that no trials were held like those at Nuremberg?
No one in the international community knew about the killings of Armenians.
Members of the international community knew but did not care about what was happening.
The international community knew, but there were no legal ramifications in place to prosecute.
42.
Why did the Serbian military feel justified in crossing the border into Bosnia in the early 1990s?
Bosnia had taken land that at one time belonged to Serbia.
Bosnian Muslims had begun looting businesses on the Serbian border.
There were reports that Christians in Bosnia were being persecuted.
43.
How is the conflict in the Congo related to that of the violence against Tutsis in Rwanda?
The conflict in the Congo is unrelated to the Rwandan genocide.
The conflict in the Congo caused Belgium to finally get out of Africa.
Both Hutu and Tutsis fled to Congo so the conflict continued with them.
44.
Bosco is a member of M23, a militant group fighting for control of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Bosco feels that his mission is of the greatest importance, and if blood must be spilled to complete his mission, so be it. What is MOST likely Bosco’s end goal in this conflict?
He wants to create an independent Tutsi state so that Tutsi will have a safe place to live.
He wants to rid the country of all Tutsi and put leadership back in the hands of Hutus.
He is in favor of UN control of both Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
45.
Several of the militias in the Congo have caught the attention of the International Criminal Court. With which crime are they MOST likely to be charged?
genocide
using child soldiers
medical experimentation
46.
Maura is a member of an ethnic group who has family in another small country. Maura has received a letter from her family telling her that the local officials have begun to raid their homes and imprison
them. It seems that the group is being targeted because they are members of the ethnic group. Maura is worried because the country is so small that it is unlikely that many people know about what is happening. What would be the BEST way for Maura to help her family abroad?
Maura could buy a plane ticket to visit her relatives and see for herself.
Maura could contact several news organizations to see if they will do a story.
Maura could speak up in her classroom when someone makes a racist joke.
47.
After studying about the Armenian genocide extensively, Khalil feels such a sense of injustice. He cannot believe that the country of Turkey is still denying their actions. Khalil feels that the least they could do would be to acknowledge the suffering and loss experienced by Armenian survivors. Which would be the MOST effective action that Khalil could take to try to help these ones?
Khalil should give money to a fund that would be dispersed to survivors.
Khalil should contact his senator and ask the United States to acknowledge the Armenian genocide.
Khalil should build a memorial for the victims in his front yard for all to see.
48.
Dante lives in a town where there has been a recent influx of refugees from another country. Some people in Dante’s community, including his parents, are nervous about these new residents. They worry about what bad things might come along with the refugees and wonder if they will begin to outnumber the locals. There begins to be a sense of hostility in the town. How might Dante prevent the buildup of bad feelings against the refugees in his community?
Dante could make an effort to befriend some refugees and learn about their culture.
Dante could do some research at the library about why the refugees are allowed in.
Dante should teach the refugees the right way to do things now that they are here.
49.
The International Court of Justice and International Criminal Court act independently of the United Nations.
True
False
50.
The reason that the United Nations withdrew from Rwanda was that the acts being committed there did not meet the legal definition of genocide.
True
False
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