Tag: human

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hat human capital management problems can arise when an organization does not acknowledge cultural differences at its global subsidiaries? 

Deliverable Length:   Primary Task: 400–600 words; references in APA format

Primary Task Response: Within the Discussion Board area, write 400–600 words that respond to the following questions with your thoughts, ideas, and comments. This will be the foundation for future discussions by your classmates. Be substantive and clear, and use examples to reinforce your ideas.

Additional Information: The briefing to John and the board of directors was a success. You and Shawn believe that it allowed them to understand the challenges associated with managing global human capital effectively and the value of recognizing human capital as a critical part of AGC’s strategic plan. John and the board of directors gave every indication that they understood the sense of urgency needed to align the key global human capital goals with those established for the entire global organization. In fact, they asked you to move ahead with developing global human capital goals for AGC as part of its strategic plan.

You will begin by evaluating the existing organizational culture and analyzing the leadership styles used at each global AGC subsidiary. The company has several global subsidiaries, each with significant cultural differences. Shawn believes that AGC would benefit from an organizational culture that is more proactive and competitive. Likewise, he believes that leadership development programs should focus on styles that recognize the importance of celebrating diversity, empowerment, and innovation.

Review the AGC scenario for this course and discuss the following with your peers:

  • Using AGC as an example, what human capital management problems can arise when an organization does not acknowledge cultural differences at its global subsidiaries? 
  • How can leadership styles effect global organizational culture? 
  • Describe a human capital management goal that Shawn can recommend to change the global organizational culture of AGC

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hat human capital management problems can arise when an organization does not acknowledge cultural differences at its global subsidiaries? 

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Impact human development has had on biodiversity

Take some time to observe your local environment, noting the types of species you see. This may include animals, insects, and plants… both wild and introduced. Do not overlook organisms because they are common—they are part of your local environment, too. What about grasses in yards? Trees? Even extremely urbanized environments support life—do you see ants? Pigeons?

Supplement your own observations with online research using credible sources; you might also visit a local nature center or park to view exhibits or talk with an educator or ranger there.

Describe the impact human development has had on biodiversity in your area and consider the following:

  • What are some examples of prevalent species in your area?
  • Do they normally occur here or were they introduced?
  • What is their interaction with humans?
  • What types of species would naturally occur in your region?
  • Are many of them still around

300 words

No APA Format 

Citations and references required

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What causes economic growth and/or human development

Assignment details: Write a scientific paper about what causes economic growth and/or human development. The paper should include a quantitative analysis of the significance of these causes.
The dependent variable is optional, but it should be an indicator of human development.
Successful candidates should have clearly defined variables derived from different theories with
multiple references. The paper should be well structured, preferably in IMRAD-style.
It should be sufficient for a top mark to do a multivariate model estimated by OLS, but
candidates who try to do more advanced models should be rewarded.-
Please do not take this assignment if you do not have knowledge in Economics, politics, and quantitative social science methods.
Also, during the obligatory assignments we needed to use R or Stata, where theoretical knowledge was used to test hypotheses about what causes economic growth and/or human development. You would need to do this now also.
I have attached one of the assignments done in class, and some lecture notes. There are also some other resources that might be useful.
Again, please do not take this assignment if you cannot complete it satisfactory, as this is a graded assignment.

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Explain the main sources of power within the organization from a human behavior theories perspective

Discussion Post:

Consider a job you have had or now have. Then address the following prompts:

  1. Explain the main sources of power within the organization from a human behavior theories perspective.
  2. In addition, describe how organizational politics influenced the overarching organizational behavior.
  3. Then explain a situation where conflict ensued because of the organizational power and politics. What approach to conflict resolution did the organization employ? Was it ineffective or effective and why?

Support your initial post and response posts with scholarly sources cited in APA style.

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Writers Solution

Explain the main sources of power within the organization from a human behavior theories perspective

Discussion Post:

Consider a job you have had or now have. Then address the following prompts:

  1. Explain the main sources of power within the organization from a human behavior theories perspective.
  2. In addition, describe how organizational politics influenced the overarching organizational behavior.
  3. Then explain a situation where conflict ensued because of the organizational power and politics. What approach to conflict resolution did the organization employ? Was it ineffective or effective and why?

Support your initial post and response posts with scholarly sources cited in APA style

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What does Johnson mean by claiming that computer technologies create new “instrumentations of human action”?

Short-answer questions (pick one; 250 words):

1. What does Johnson mean by claiming that computer technologies create new “instrumentations of human action”? Explain, defend your answer, and give an example.

2. According to Hillis, what is a “universal computer”? Explain and give an example.

3. Which of Feenberg’s views about technology and its relationship to values do you think best explain computer technologies? Explain, defend your answer, and give an example.

ON FORMATTING

I will accept both APA or MLA styles, however do not include a cover sheet. When doing research, you may use sources from any periodical from the internet or other written sources, but DO NOT use Wikipedia as a source. The sources may be from peer-reviewed journals or popular blogs. For example, check the Science and Technology sections from NPR, or The New York Times, etc. Other popular Tech based sites and blogs, such as Ars-Technica or Tech Crunch, are perfectly acceptable. If you have any questions about a specific source, please ask before using it. Please be sure to include a bibliography or works cited for all relevant information. Always be sure to cite your sources.

Long-answer question (500 words):

Are some computer technologies inherently political (that is, do computer artifacts have political qualities?) Why or why not?

Drawing from the writings of Winner, Feenberg, Moor, Johnson, and Cook: explain, defend your answer, and give an example not used in the text.

ON FORMATTING

I will accept both APA or MLA styles, however do not include a cover sheet. When doing research, you may use sources from any periodical from the internet or other written sources, but DO NOT use Wikipedia as a source. The sources may be from peer-reviewed journals or popular blogs. For example, check the Science and Technology sections from NPR, or The New York Times, etc. Other popular Tech based sites and blogs, such as Ars-Technica or Tech Crunch, are perfectly acceptable. If you have any questions about a specific source, please ask before using it. Please be sure to include a bibliography or works cited for all relevant information. Always be sure to cite your sources

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Impact of wildlife on food crops and approaches to reducing human wildlife conflict in the protected landscapes of eastern Nepal. Human Dimensions of Wildlife

For the SDM OBJECTIVE portion (5 page minimum) you will base it on these references only! : References:

1) Dahal, N. K., Harada, K., Adhikari, S., Sapkota, R. P., & Kandel, S. (2021). Impact of wildlife on food crops and approaches to reducing human wildlife conflict in the protected landscapes of eastern Nepal. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2021.1926601

(Links to an external site.)

2) Hill, C. M. (2017). Crop raiding. The International Encyclopedia of Primatology, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119179313.wbprim0109

(Links to an external site.)

3) Pokharel, M., & Aryal, C. (2020). Human-wildlife conflict and its implication for conservation at Sundarpur, Udayapur, Eastern Nepal. International Journal of Environment, 9(2), 217–233. https://doi.org/10.3126/ije.v9i2.32750

For this assignment, you will develop the objective definitions that you will use for the remainder of your structured decision-making case study. So far you have seen the problem definition, stakeholders, and discussed the potential fundamental objective , you will develop a document that details the:

1. Fundamental objectives you will use in your SDM, 2. Enabling objectives associated with these fundamental objectives, and 3. Measurable attributes by which an alternatives ability to meet the enabling

objective will be measured.

Remember that fundamental objectives are identified by repeatedly asking ‘Why’. The goal is to identify the end result of the decision (‘the ends’). For this example, you should have at least three fundamental objectives identified. The goal will be to identify an action or suite of actions that will best achieve all of these ends. You should rely on your research and the class discussion as to what the three objectives for your SDM will be.

The enabling objectives are ‘the means’ by which you will know that a fundamental objective has been achieved. Note that these are not the actions that will be taken (at least not directly). For example, in Runge et al (2011) Runge, M.C., E. Bean, D.R. Smith, and S. Kokos. 2011. Non-native fish control below Glen Canyon Dam — report from a structured decision-making project. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reporthttps://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2021.1926601https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2021.1926601https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119179313.wbprim0109https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119179313.wbprim0109https://doi.org/10.3126/ije.v9i2.32750http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1012

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2011-1-12., PDF involving fish management in the Grand Canyon, a fundamental objective was identified as “Preserve and enhance recreational values and uses.” Two of the enabling objectives that fell under this fundamental objective where:

1. Maintain and enhance the rainbow trout fishery, and 2. Minimize disturbance of the wilderness experience in Grand Canyon National

Park.

For this assignment, you should focus on having a minimum of five (total) enabling objectives by which to measure achievement of your fundamental objectives.

Lastly, you need to establish the measurable attributes (or performance measures) against which a particular alternative will evaluated. Measurable attributes come in three forms. Natural measures direct measures of the feature, and are quantitative. For example, an objective of ‘maximize population of _____’ can be directly quantified by estimating the population size of the particular species. Natural measures are preferred when they exist (some things have no obvious ‘natural’ way to evaluate them) and are operational (i.e., they can realistically be measured given agency/time/budget constraints). Another form of measure is a proxy measure. Proxy measures are assumed to relate directly to an unmeasurable objective. For example, above in the Grand Canyon SDM, ‘minimize disturbance of the wilderness experience’ does not have a clear natural measure as it depends on definitions of both wilderness experience and disturbance. In this case, the choice to measure this was how many user-days a given alternative would prevent from occurring. This is not a direct measure, but it is assumed that the more user-days on the Colorado River are lost due to a given alternative, the more disturbance must be occurring. This would be a proxy measure. A key issue with proxy measures is the assumption that they are correlated with what we are trying to measure. A last form of measure is a constructed measure. These are useful when there is no clear natural measure, and the use of any proxy measure might be questioned. Constructed measures are very common. The well-known Likert Scale used on surveys is a constructed measure, as are habitat suitability indexes. For example, in the Grand Canyon example, one of the enabling objectives was framed as ‘be respectful of non-human life’. This was evaluated using a 10-point scale in which stakeholders evaluated each action as to how respectful the action was with a 10 being very respectful and a 1 being very not respectful.

For this assignment, prepare a document (5 page minimum) that identifies and justifies three or more fundamental objectives for this class’s assigned case study. In addition, you should identify and defend your choice of five or more enablinghttp://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1012

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objectives. Lastly, you will need to develop the performance measures by which these are evaluated. Section 4 of http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1012 PDF provides a good example of what you might produce.http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1012

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For the SDM ALTERNATIVES AND DECISIONS Portion (5 page minimum) you will base it on these references only! : References:

1) Dahal, N. K., Harada, K., Adhikari, S., Sapkota, R. P., & Kandel, S. (2021). Impact of wildlife on food crops and approaches to reducing human wildlife conflict in the protected landscapes of eastern Nepal. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2021.1926601

(Links to an external site.)

2) Hill, C. M. (2017). Crop raiding. The International Encyclopedia of Primatology, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119179313.wbprim0109

(Links to an external site.)

3) Pokharel, M., & Aryal, C. (2020). Human-wildlife conflict and its implication for conservation at Sundarpur, Udayapur, Eastern Nepal. International Journal of Environment, 9(2), 217–233. https://doi.org/10.3126/ije.v9i2.32750

In this assignment, you will build on the SDM case study that you previously worked on in the SDM Objectives assignment. You will use the objectives identified in that assignment and develop alternative actions that might be used to achieve these fundamental objectives. You will then identify the potential consequences of these actions on each enabling objective, as well as the uncertainty involved in evaluating consequences. For an example of the information being presented in this assignment, see Sections 5 and 6 of Runge et al (2011) PDF http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1012 .

For this assignment, your submitted document should detail:

1. Alternatives being considered in your SDM, 2. A discussion of the consequences of each action on each enabling

objective, 3. How consequences might be evaluated in a full SDM, and 4. Sources of uncertainty in evaluating consequences.

When you generate the alternatives, you should consider simulating a ‘bookending’ process. Think about each fundamental objective independently – what is the action that would best achieve this particular objective? Write each of these down. The result will likely be a list of actions that conflict substantially with each other. Evaluate eachhttps://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2021.1926601https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2021.1926601https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119179313.wbprim0109https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119179313.wbprim0109https://doi.org/10.3126/ije.v9i2.32750http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1012

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of these actions to see if they can be broken into individual actions that might be separated. If so, separate these actions. Now brainstorm about any actions that are not already in consideration. Lastly, try to create some ‘hybrid’ actions that combine aspects of the already specified actions. You should now have a fairly extensive and variable list of actions. Also, remember that the status quo of ‘no change in current management’ should be one of your actions. Section 5 of Runge et al PDF (2011)http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1012 illustrates this process for the non-native fish issue in the Grand Canyon.

Once you have identified your actions, you need to evaluate the probable consequences of your actions on each of the enabling objectives. The end result should be a consequence table. The first step will be to determine how you will evaluate the consequences. For example, can the probable consequence be predicted from data and modelling? Will the evaluation be made by using expert opinion or scoring by stakeholder groups? See Section 6 of Runge et al PDF (2011) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1012 for possible approaches to evaluating consequences based on the non-native fish issue in the Grand Canyon. You will probably not be able to realistically evaluate the consequences, but I want you to think through and discuss how you would complete this aspect of SDM in a real situation. You will need to estimate consequences, most likely by acting as an expert by ranking how well an alternative will achieve each objective, relative to the other alternatives. For example, if you have three alternatives, you would rank them 1-3 as to which was best, worst, or in-between. You would do this for each objective. The end result will produce your consequence table.

Lastly, based on your discussion of evaluating the consequences, you should have a feel for where uncertainty is in predicting the consequences of each action. Discuss the sources of this uncertainty and how it might influence your decision-making.

The submission for this assignment should be approximately 5 pages in length (not including any information from your Objectives assignment). It should identify a minimum of 5 actions or alternatives, discussion of how their consequences will be evaluated, as well as uncertainty in this process, and produce a consequence table based on your ‘expert’ evaluation.http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1012http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1012

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For the SDM Decision-Modelling Portion (4-5 page minimum) you will base it on these references only! : References:

1) Dahal, N. K., Harada, K., Adhikari, S., Sapkota, R. P., & Kandel, S. (2021). Impact of wildlife on food crops and approaches to reducing human wildlife conflict in the protected landscapes of eastern Nepal. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2021.1926601

(Links to an external site.)

2) Hill, C. M. (2017). Crop raiding. The International Encyclopedia of Primatology, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119179313.wbprim0109

(Links to an external site.)

3) Pokharel, M., & Aryal, C. (2020). Human-wildlife conflict and its implication for conservation at Sundarpur, Udayapur, Eastern Nepal. International Journal of Environment, 9(2), 217–233. https://doi.org/10.3126/ije.v9i2.32750

4) Sells, S. N., M. S. Mitchell, J. J. Nowak, P. M. Lukacs, N. J. Anderson, J. M. Ramsey, J. A. Gude, and P. R. Krausman. 2015. Modeling risk of pneumonia epizootics in bighorn sheep. Journal of Wildlife Management 79(2):195-210.

5) Sells, S. N., M. S. Mitchell, V. L. Edwards, J. A. Gude, and N. J. Anderson. 2016. Structured decision making for managing pneumonia epizootics in bighorn sheep. Journal of Wildlife Management 80(6):957-969.

6) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1012 PDF DOCUMENT

Your decision analysis should build on your consequence table from the previous assignment. In this case, you should describe a means of conducting the decision analysis and perform a basic decision analysis. You will then specify the chosen action for this scenario.

Instructions

You encountered a basic form of decision analysis in the SMART (Single Multi-attribute Rating Technique) table. You might recall that this was drawn from Sells et al (2016) work on managing pneumonia epizootics in bighorn sheep. This technique illustrates the use of a basic linear value model in which the overall score or ranking for anhttps://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2021.1926601https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2021.1926601https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119179313.wbprim0109https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119179313.wbprim0109https://doi.org/10.3126/ije.v9i2.32750http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1012

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alternative is the composite of the ranking (usually normalized from 0-1 so all objectives are ranked on the same scale for all actions) of the alternative’s performance on each enabling objective (your consequence table from the alternatives assignment) weighted by the importance of the objective. These weights are commonly assigned by swing-weighting, but you will generate them according to your own expert opinion (as was the case in Sells et al 2016).

For example, for the following simple 3 objective / 3 action case you have the following consequence table:

Objectives

#1 #2 #3

Actions #1

3 3 2

#2 1 2 1

#3 2 1 3

In this example, the numbers in the cells are the ranking of each alternative, on a scale of 1 (worst) to 3 (best), in achieving each objective. Because all objectives are measured on an equal ranking scale (1-3) we do not need to normalize the scales. If you consider all objectives equal in importance, they all are weighted 0.33 (1/3). The value model for action #3 is then 0.33(2)+0.33(1)+0.33(3)=2.

Value models and consequence tables are used to evaluate trade-offs inherent in deciding between alternatives. It is often useful to color code the best and worst performing alternatives for each action. This helps identify patterns of good and poor performance of a given action on all objectives. In addition, we can evaluate objectives. If a given alternative always performs better than another – on all objectives – then it dominates the poorer alternative. The poorer alternative is a ‘Dominated

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alternative’ and can be removed from the decision analysis. In addition, you may find that some objectives do not help distinguish between alternatives, i.e., you would evaluate the alternatives the same regardless of whether the objective was included or not.

Once you have evaluated trade-offs with your decision analysis, you should conclude this assignment by explaining the trade-offs of each action and making a decision for this case study. Sections 7 and 8 of Runge et al (2011) PDF http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1012

provide an example of decision analysis involving the non-native fish SDMhttp://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1012

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Human Factors and the compilation of The Dirty Dozen do not corelate

Reply each thread  required to create a minimum 200-word.You must support each reply with at least 2 sources (with 1 being the textbook), per reply, in current APA format.

Here is text book link

https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/reader/books/9781307238464/pageid/168

Thread 1

3 Greatest Threats/ Human Factors

        The study of Human Factors and the compilation of The Dirty Dozen do not corelate. Each of the Dirty Dozen point directly at the Technician as the “Fault” in the system. It is for this reason that I believe the Dirty Dozen is an outdated Human Factors resource. The FAA’s compilation was good for it’s time and had an impact that led us to a more holistic approach to Human Factors. “While many people assume that human factors in maintenance refers to the actions of mechanics, the MRM program admits to several major areas where maintenance errors can occur. These areas are (a) equipment design and manufacture; (b) manufacturers’ documentation and procedure writing; (c) airline procedures and work areas; and (d) mechanic training and performance.” Kinnison, H. A., & Siddiqui, T. (2013). Sidney Dekker is one of the most recognized scholars on the topic of Human Factors, in most of his writing and lectures he reasons that the human error is not the ending point or conclusion of an error, it’s the place you begin the investigation. “Although most in aviation human factors embrace this view in principle, practice often leads us to the old view of human error which sees human error as the chief threat to system safety. I discuss two practices by which we quickly regress into the old view and disinherit Fitts and Jones: (1) the punishment of individuals, and (2) error classification systems.” (Dekker, 2019)

  1. Lack of Resources

        “Not having enough people, equipment, documentation, time, parts, etc., to complete a task. Improve supply and support— • Order parts before they are required. • Have a plan for pooling or loaning parts.” (FAA, 2012) Because the focus here is on the technician making a “mistake” the common perception is that this is the technician’s fault. The Lack of Resources is most likely the outcome of a broken management structure that is responsible for equipment, tech data and parts readiness as we have learned about in our textbook. “How maintenance people perform is only part of the problem; the facilities in which they work, the equipment they encounter, and the forms, processes and procedures they use are all subject to human actions and, therefore, to human error. And the errors are not always due to the mechanic.” Kinnison, H. A., & Siddiqui, T. (2013).

  1. Lack of Knowledge

        “Shortage of the training, information, and/or ability to successfully perform. Don’t guess, know— • Use current manuals. • Ask when you don’t know. • Participate in training.” (FAA, 2012) In some instances mechanics simply should not perform the task due to the lack of knowledge. It is a well-known fact that one of the least valued departments in an operation is training. Even at the job I currently have at a Part 147 School no formal training has been done for over 2 years. This has been the trend I have seen across the industry even when I was the Maintenance Training Manager of a Part 135 Operation, the training budget was the first to suffer in a down turn and when we were busy training ceased due to workload. “For any problem or condition that cannot be accommodated by the first two rules above or one that is limited due to various constraints, such as design limits, trade-offs, or budget requirements as discussed in Chap. 1 of this book, the designers must provide the users, operators, and mechanics—as well as other human elements involved—with sufficient education and training on the system to resolve any human factors– related problems that could arise from improper understanding of the design.” Kinnison, H. A., & Siddiqui, T. (2013).

  1. Norms

        “Expected, yet unwritten, rules of behavior. Help maintain a positive environment with your good attitude and work habits— • Existing norms don’t make procedures right. • Follow good safety procedures. • Identify and eliminate negative norms.” (FAA, 2012) This is truly a place that needs to be focused on more, from the aspect of the technician. From a technician’s standpoint many of the “Dirty Dozen” Human Factors are not directly related to daily tasks, but “Norms” are a direct outcome of the work environment.

            As far as Aviation Maintenance goes Human Factors and The Dirty Dozen are attributed to the whole team, starting with aircraft, tolling and facility design, management structures including the CEO through non- certificated technicians. Often times the Dirty Dozen comes off as a blame the technician as the end user, while the wholistic view sees human error as a symptom. “The two ways of looking at human error are that we can see human error as a cause of failure, or we can see human error as a symptom of failure.” Woods et al., (1994) Philippians 2:4 is a good verse that encompasses Human Factors as it moves a person to view another person’s value. “Let each of you look not only to his own interests, but also to the interests of others.” Barker, K. (1973).

Thread 2

Being in the aircraft maintenance business means we are in the safety business as everything we do is based on a foundation of safety and it shows. Nonetheless, human errors are inevitable, and certain circumstances make them especially likely. Human error has been documented as a primary contributor to more than 80 percent of maintenance errors involving human factors (Administration et al., 2012). In my experience over the last 25 years in a FAR 121 operation fatigue, complacency, and distraction are three human factors that are the greatest threat to our craft.

Fatigue

When employees are exhausted mentally or physically their work performance will suffer. The most prevalent maintenance human factor is fatigue. As a technician, we are subjected to many different work schedule options. Aircraft typically fly during the day and get serviced on overnight visits. This requires individuals to work long hours and stay up overnight which will lead to fatigue. Another scheduling factor that will lead to fatigue is technicians are only required 24-hour time off in a seven-day work week. Despite the regulations limiting a technician’s time off he or she may work one shift preference or may have monetary motives, fatigue will not be prevented. When an individual is affected by a lack of proper sleep your ability to make decisions, be alert, and stay focused will be impacted. (Administration et al., 2012). In our craft this is unavoidable, I personally have experienced fatigue working overnight shifts for several years and countless amounts of overtime. This was all I was able to hold as a new technician and when you are starting a family as I was overtime opportunities were available on and off shifts. I remember taking field trips and working on CFM56 start issues in Des Moines Iowa for those extra time and a half hours to put a decent down payment on my first house. I burnt myself out and it didn’t matter how much sleep I received I still was tired. To mitigate these risks, we need to regulate work shifts, exercise daily, eat balanced meals and most importantly get an adequate good night of sleep so our bodies can recharge. There is no way we can ultimately win the fight with fatigue. The longer you stay awake, the more your performance will degrade until your body finally decides it has had enough and simply shuts down. Even though we can’t beat fatigue, there are some strategies that we can use to more effectively balance the demands of modern life with our body’s need for sleep.

Distractions

A fatigued person may be easily distracted or maybe nearly impossible to distract. Distractions occur when anything other than the task at hand vies for your attention and make you more likely to forget things and lose track of your workflow. When we are working on any task, our mind has a natural tendency to think ahead. This is normal and not a bad trait until we are distracted. It is also the number one reason why we forget things and when returning to the task we can easily think we are further than we actually are. In today’s world, there are many distractions that are around us and we are constantly trying to do multiple things at once. I for one have been working remotely and face daily distractions with household items as simple as putting dishes away, popping in a load of laundry, and even tending to the family pet. These distractions lead to errors in my documentation which can lead to providing technicians with improper procedures. Regardless of their nature, numerous distractions may occur during the course of maintaining an aircraft. We must recognize that our attention is being diverted and remove the distractions and refocus to assure our work is correct. (Administration et al., 2012).  Distractions can be prevented by following policies and procedures, identifying and limiting interruptions, and taking a few steps back to ensure that all elements are working properly. Having a checklist and being aware of our surroundings will help us prioritize and fully concentrate on one thing and do it well, rather than multiple tasks and do poorly at them.

Complacency

            Another unfortunate example of these threats in aviation is complacency. As noted in an article written by (Tolleson, 2007) “Complacency is alive and well today as experienced by pilots who take off on the wrong runways, inspectors who pencil whip, and mechanics who don’t use the checklists and current technical data.” When people perform the same tasks routinely, they may become over-confident, thinking the work is too easy. Consequently, they become less vigilant about checking for mistakes. A general relaxation of vigilance typically results and important signals will be missed, with the individual only seeing what he, or she, expects to see. We should always expect to find errors whether being a mechanic or inspector or a pilot who flies in and out of the same airport knowing which runway to use. As a technician, I was taxi & run qualified on the majority of our fleet. When moving any aircraft, we always wrote down and read back the instruction from air traffic control and adhered to procedures. Making a checklist and following procedures will increase our vigilance when performing a routine task. Also, being overconfident can be a trap that can lead to an accident, damages, and employee injuries. Overconfidence leads us to believe that nothing is wrong and consequently we fail to identify a potential safety issue. To combat complacency, we need to follow established policy and procedures, and use a checklist when completing tasks whether routine or not. Finally, lean on a teammate to cross-check your work, I continue to this day to ask colleagues to review and bounce ideas off of projects that I am working on. There are some good tools that we have in place to combat this threat, we just need to be vigilant and use them. 

I picked these three treats of the dirty dozen because to me they run in parallel. If you are tired you will not be at your best in an environment where multiple things are happening. This can be dangerous if you are not mentally prepared.  We all have different pressures and influences in our everyday life but remaining focused and taking the time needed to ensure that the correct decision is being made and the proper procedure is being followed will get the job done right. At the end of the day ensuring a safe work environment is a duty that all workers and management share. The safety of those working around you is in your hands (Kinnison & Siddiqui 2018). Unsafe choices that you make can injure both you and your coworkers. Everyone needs to take safety seriously, or everyone is at risk.

Biblical Integration:

Peter ch5:8-9 reminds us to “Be alert and of sober mind. Your enemy the devil prowls around like a roaring lion looking for someone to devour. Resist him, standing firm in the faith, because you know that the family of believers throughout the world is undergoing the same kind of sufferings.” With human factors in aviation, we have to always be alert and prepared to resist deviation from policy and procedure to stay on task

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SACR-3390. Refugees, Borders, and Human Rights

Who are refugees, illegal migrants and asylum seekers? Where do asylum seekers come from and why? What do states do about them? Which agencies, actors and interest groups engage with refugees? What are the links between refugees and nationalism and racism, borders, immigration policies and attitudes, state sovereignty, diaspora and transnationalism, human rights and cultural identities? How do we understand borders, boundaries, and biopolitics in our contemporary world? This course provides the student with the analytical skills to interpret historical and contemporary claims, vested interests and local, regional and global complexities of these issues. (Prerequisites: one of SACR-2130, SACR-2200, SACR-2270 or SACR-2400, and semester 5 or higher standing).

Human trafficking is one of the most heinous crimes on Earth. Right now traffickers are
robbing a staggering 24.9 million people of their freedom and basic human dignity—that’s
roughly three times the population of New York City. We must band together and build
momentum to defeat human trafficking. We must hold the perpetrators of this heinous
crime accountable. We must achieve justice for survivors as they rebuild their lives. We
must reinvigorate our shared commitment to extinguish human trafficking wherever it
exists. There is no time to waste.
Achieving these objectives requires sound information and tried-and-true approaches.
Through the annual Trafficking in Persons Report (TIP Report), we assess comprehensively
what governments around the world are doing to combat this crime. The TIP Report is an
invaluable tool to arm ourselves with the latest information and guide our action at home and abroad. It helps us go
beyond preconceived notions of what we think human trafficking is and better understand the complexities of this crime.
Each one of us can be a champion for freedom and use our specific strengths to help eradicate human trafficking.
Individuals can learn the common indicators for human trafficking and call in suspicious activities to the local or national
hotline. Businesses can take meaningful steps to eliminate forced labor from their supply chains. First responders
can enhance training and put in place screening to help identify trafficking victims. Government leaders can prioritize
investigating and prosecuting labor and sex trafficking cases wherever they occur.
Alongside us in the battle are those who sadly know first-hand how depraved this assault on human dignity really is.
We salute the brave survivors who have already become instrumental partners in the global fight to combat human
trafficking. We encourage other governments to seek survivor input and apply trauma-informed approaches to hold
traffickers accountable and care for survivors. And we honor the courageous TIP Report Heroes who have dedicated
themselves to this most urgent cause of defending freedom.
The Department of State joins the Trump Administration, community leaders, global allies, and the survivors in our
shared fight to end human trafficking. We must be resolute—we cannot leave anyone behind. Rather, we must harness
innovation and ingenuity to prevent trafficking, identify and empower those who have survived it, and send the strongest
message possible to traffickers that we will not tolerate their despicable and criminal acts.
Sincerely,
iii 2019 TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS REPORT
A child herder watches over a herd of cattle.
In some areas of Africa, traffickers force
children to work in agricultural sectors,
including herding.
“We take these stories to
heart. We use them as fuel to
motivate us to action as we
work together to end human
trafficking once and for all.”
– U.S. Secretary of State
Michael R. Pompeo
MESSAGE FROM THE AMBASSADOR-AT-LARGE
Dear Reader:
This is an important time for us to be engaged in the work of stopping traffickers, protecting
victims, and tackling the systems that allow the crime to thrive. Traffickers continue to
operate with impunity and only a small fraction of victims receive trauma-informed,
victim-centered support services. Yet, by working together, governments, civil society
organizations, survivor advocates, and faith communities can reverse this troubling pattern.
This year, the TIP Report introduction highlights human trafficking that takes place
exclusively within the borders of one country, absent any transnational elements. Although
acknowledging human trafficking in this form is not new or novel, it remains important.
The ILO reports that, globally, traffickers exploit 77 percent of victims in their countries
of residence. Far too often, individuals, organizations, and governments erroneously use
definitions of trafficking in persons that require the movement of victims. Both the Trafficking Victims Protection Act
and the United Nations’ Palermo Protocol focus on compelling a person to work or engage in a commercial sex act; they
do not require movement from one place to another. The Palermo Protocol requires each state party to establish in its
domestic law the crime of human trafficking both within and between countries.
As we in the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons worked to prepare the 187 country narratives for this year’s
TIP Report, it became apparent that in many countries, governments are reluctant to address human trafficking when it
happens at home. In effect, they are turning a blind eye to those traffickers who exploit their own citizens, neglecting to
apply their own domestic laws regarding human trafficking, and sometimes even allowing harmful cultural norms and
practices to thrive.
This year, the TIP Report serves as a call to action for governments around the world to embrace the full meaning of the
Palermo Protocol and implement their domestic laws in a manner that protects all victims and punishes all traffickers.
I am honored to serve as the U.S. Ambassador-at-Large to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons. Promoting justice
and human rights around the world is essential because freedom and individual human dignity are core to American
values and the foundation of international law. These are the very principles that traffickers work against when they
commit these crimes. I am confident that we can make significant strides to hold accountable domestic, and transnational,
traffickers and effectively implement laws so that all may enjoy freedom.

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Despite evidence to the contrary, many in the human service field tend to think that they have few, if any, biases

Harvard University has established “Project Implicit” to help individuals identify biases. Despite evidence to the contrary, many in the human service field tend to think that they have few, if any, biases. Go to the website and take three of the Implicit Association Tests (IAT)Choose topics that you can use to help you identify a bias to use in your Social and Cultural Diversity Paper.

What tests did you take? What do you think of the results? Were you surprised? Why or why not? What, if anything, would you like to do now that you have taken these tests?

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https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/takeatest.html