Tag: important

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Why was this movie important to hollywood?

Directions

  1. For this assignment, you will need to choose a topic or person from any of the various eras, movements or decades that we’ve discussed this semester and do a presentation on them using any media format you choose. (IM CHOOSING THE MOVIE PSYCHO-   Why was this movie important to hollywood? What was the feeling of it, the colors, techniques, theme, director, style, music, anything!  What was special about Alfred Hitchcock and this film?
  2. The subject matter doesn’t have to be limited to an actor, director or filmmaker, but  the topic of your presentation could be on the inventions of any of the equipment, editing or filming techniques that you’ve learned about.  Basically, you can pick an area to cover and do your presentation on that.  The point is that you take a deeper dive into the subject by exploring information about it that may not have been  covered in this course.  It does have to be something that was included in either the textbook, a movie, lecture or discussion that we’ve had.
  3. Once you choose your area of interest, your project should be created in some type of media format. make it a powerpoint presentation. The possibilities are limitless.  You can be as creative as you’d like.  As long as you are presenting your insights, take-aways and interesting information about the subject matter in a thoughtful, thorough way.  And, if it’s entertaining, even better!  
  4. Tip: Think of this project/presentation as a way to educate your fellow classmates on a topic or subject matter that you have chose to investigate further and then present your findings in a method that is relevant for today’s times.  

Guidelines

  • minimum of 5 pages long if presenting a PowerPoint presentation or other written format.
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Areas of development and important considerations during middle and late childhood

What: In this assignment, you are aiming to demonstrate the following objectives:

  • Explain different areas of development and important considerations during middle and late childhood.

Why: It is important to be able to properly educate parents and others in the lay community.

How:

  1. Choose a topic (don’t feel like you have to include every single detail from the textbook or other credible source)
    • Physical Growth, Physical Education, Sports, Childhood Obesity (i.e., select only 2 to focus on if you choose this bullet point)
    • Brain Growth, Cognitive Development, Information Processing, Language Development (i.e., select only 2 to focus on if you choose this bullet point)
    • Education,  Learning Disabilities, ADHD in Children (i.e., select 1-2 to focus on)
    • Socioemotional Development, Friends & Peers, Family Life (i.e., select only 2 to focus on if you choose this bullet point)
  2. Create a 6 sided pamphlet (i.e., only one side can contain only photos; The remaining slides can be text only or text and photos).
    • A pamphlet is a small, unbound single subject hand-out that provides less, but more focused information than a brochure.  Pamphlets are most commonly used to educate the reader about a particular topic.
    • You may submit a Word document (search templates for brochures) or PDF. Please don’t paste your brochure on a Word document like the examples. Canva.comLinks to an external site. has some templates and allows you to save as a PDF.  (i.e., make sure you look for the FREE templates).
  3. Include the following information
    • Introduction to your topic (i.e., description). Consider the reasons this topic is important.
    • Identify and elaborate on important concepts regarding the topic (i.e., you may use the textbook and any credible sources for information)
    • Use language parents would understand
    • At least 3 resources that parents can use to learn more on your topic; each resource should have a brief description (e.g., reputable books, podcasts, websites, etc)
    • Do not plagiarize. You must still summarize and paraphrase any info you use from any source. Since the pamphlet is small, I won’t require in-text citations but you should list your sources under the parent resources area. They should be referenced by identifying them with a brief description such as ‘According to the CDC’ to give them credit.
  4. Review your pamphlet for grammar and spelling. Review your information to ensure that it is accurate, clear, and substantive. Check your information against the rubric.
  5. Be mindful of the visual design of your pamphlet. All details should be legible, balanced, organized, and aesthetically pleasing.

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What is the Christian concept of the imago Dei? How might it be important to health care, and why is it relevant?

God, Humanity, And Human Dignity

Objectives:

1. Explain the Christian view of the nature of human persons.

2. Compare the Christian view of intrinsic human value and dignity in contrast to secular views of personhood.

3. Evaluate how the concept of intrinsic human dignity is applied in the process of ethical decision-making.

Assignment 1

What is the Christian concept of the imago Dei? How might it be important to health care, and why is it relevant?

Assignment 2

According to your worldview, what value does a human person have? How does your position affect your stance on controversial bioethical issues, such as abortion, designer babies, and stem cell research?

Assignment 3

Case Study on Moral Status

Based on “Case Study: Fetal Abnormality” and the required topic Resources, write a 750-1,000-word reflection that answers the following questions:

1. What is the Christian view of the nature of human persons, and which theory of moral status is it compatible with? How is this related to the intrinsic human value and dignity?

2. Which theory or theories are being used by Jessica, Marco, Maria, and Dr. Wilson to determine the moral status of the fetus? What from the case study specifically leads you to believe that they hold the theory you selected?

3. How does the theory determine or influence each of their recommendations for action?

4. What theory do you agree with? Why? How would that theory determine or influence the recommendation for action?

Remember to support your responses with the topic Resources.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.

Attachments

PHI-413V-RS-T2CaseStudyFetalAbnormality.docx

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Why is it important that a buyer of property timely record their deed?

Answer these questions. With at least a total of 150 words or more

Deeds and liens are public documents that are recorded with a government agency like the Lee County Clerk and Recorder. Please answer the following questions:

1. Why is it important that a buyer of property timely record their deed?

2. Why would a General Contractor who did work remodeling a house record a lien?

Read my answer and write a total of 150 words count response

Wounded Warrior Project Questions 1-5.

Are the issues and questions raised in the Wounded Warrior Project case related to the concepts of accountability, performance, or both? How are those concepts related to this case?

It is my perception that the issues and questions raised are related to both concepts of accountability and performance. Our book describes the “narrowest” concepts of accountability for a nonprofit would be to just follow the law. Even if the board is meeting, budgets are met, employee engagement is active and following a strategic plan, it does not mean that the mission is being followed (page 146, Worth).

Three principal mechanisms that nonprofits should be held accountable are to follow the law, abide by self-regulation and to be transparent. Transparency means to show the donors, media and whoever wishes to see that the organization is working towards the mission and following all guidelines.

Performance has two key components; one is performance measurement which will tell what an organization did and how well it did it. The other is performance management, which monitors situations continuously (page 159, Worth).

Melia’s vision for his program was to help Iraq War veterans gain some independence by just helping them with essentials to maintain a quality of life. Because of the success of this program, he expanded the services to include helping veterans into sports programs, employment, and other assistance. Because of the program’s success, he hired additional staff to help him. It was at that time he brought in a former executive of a small non-profit named Nardizzi. In just 6 years, Melia’s program grew into an organization of 50 people and had raised $21 million dollars in revenue. After reading the Case in Worth on page 177, it seemed to be that there may have been some founder syndrome with Melia, because there were disagreements between him and Mr. Nardizzi regarding the growth of the company presenting barriers. Mr. Melisa resigned and Nardizzi became the CEO of the Wounded Warrior Project.

Nardizzi viewed this organization as a “Starbucks”, and it became more of a business model (Page 177, Worth). Nardizzi spent a lot of money on fundraising and continued to increase it. The project had reached 40% of its revenues on overhead and fundraising.

The Mission of the project is to honor and empower wounded warriors. The Vision is to foster the most successful, well-adjusted generation of wounded service members in our nation’s history.

https://www.woundedwarriorproject.org/mission (Links to an external site.)

Former staff became critical of the focus on the fundraising and performance metrics on the money took away from the commitment of the mission and the vision mentioned above. Accusations were made that the mission was compromised at times just to meet goals.

In 2016 the Wounded Warrior Project was criticized by the media regarding lavish spending by employees on events and travel. There were four different separate investigations, one that included the board of the WWP. The board back the organization stating the expenses were justified. This would make sense that the board would justify because of the intense scrutiny of the media, and this is something they also should have been accountable while reviewing performance measures. It wasn’t until government officials’ investigations, that the board did dismiss Nardizzi as well as the COO. A Former military officer named Michael Linnington was appointed as CEO in June of 2016 and was given the project of restoring the good name of this program. On page 178 in our book, it states that the most important metric for an organization is not overhead but what is achieved. I believe that sentence says it all.

I think that Nardizzi treated this project too much like a private sector to make money (page 177) and did not focus on the mission or ‘end goal’ which was helping veterans. He and the board did not have good accountability because even if the law was being followed, transparency was not clear, and spending was questioned t/out Nardizzi’s employment.

Performance measurement seemed to be available for this case, but performance management was weak. The board was either money focused like Nardizzi or they were kept in the dark about the day to day operations of the project.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdSO7zmh4qk (Links to an external site.)

Worth, Michael J. (2009). Nonprofit management : principles and practice. Los Angeles :SAGE Publications,

https://www.woundedwarriorproject.org/ (Links to an external site.)

Think back on the responsibilities of governing boards discussed in Chapter three. How do they relate to the case of the Wounded Warrior Project:

I discussed this in the above statement. It is of my perception that the board that Nardizzi had was either more focused on getting money by fundraising and lost sight of the mission, which was to honor and empower wounded warriors, or Nardizzi did a really good job of being non-transparent. Our book does state that after Senator Grassley’s investigation, some board members were replaces and programs were readjusted to better serve veterans (page 179, Worth). I feel that this governing board may have ‘turned its head’ because Nardizzi wasn’t breaking the law, even though ethics and morals are questionable.

Worth, Michael J. (2009). Nonprofit management : principles and practice. Los Angeles :SAGE Publications,

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdSO7zmh4qk (Links to an external site.)

Accounting rules permit nonprofits to allocate some costs between fundraising and programs; for example, the costs of mailing that solicits gifts but also advocates for a cause may be apportioned between those two functions. Some people defend this practice while others say it is misleading to the public. What is your opinion?

I think it’s important to have fundraising for nonprofits, otherwise nonprofits would not be able to serve communities without contributions from donors. I also think it is very important to be completely transparent with these transactions and go above the law. If there is a fundraiser or an event, I think it is important to be able to mail out notices or letters to the public to notify the community of these events and I do think it is appropriate to allocate costs.

Our hospital has a foundation department. Anything and everything related to donation or making money, even as small as a bake sale, goes through this department because of conflict of interest.

Worth, Michael J. (2009). Nonprofit management : principles and practice. Los Angeles :SAGE Publications,

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdSO7zmh4qk (Links to an external site.)

The Chapter discusses the view of Renz and Herman that nonprofit effectiveness is socially constructed, that is, defined by what people perceive about the organization. How does that relate to the case of the Wounded Warrior Project.

My perception is that it is accurate in this case. When Melia started his program, he was focused on helping Iraq War veterans in military hospitals by giving out backpacks with essentials to maintain a quality of life. This was such a good way to give back. News spread of what this man was doing, and others wanted to help him. Once Nardizzi was hired and there were disagreements between Melia and Nardizzi and Melia resigned, it seems the WWP lost its focus on Melia’s passion which was helping the veterans. Once former staff members and news media started criticizing the organization, it didn’t take long for word to spread about the negative reputation the organization was forming (page 178, Worth). Once the media started doing investigation, it didn’t take long for them to find out about the lavish spending and how monies were being spent on other things besides the veterans – it spread like wildfire. Therefore, I feel it can be socially constructed. With respect to the Wounded Warrior Project, I do agree with Renz and Herman social constructionism perspective.

Worth, Michael J. (2009). Nonprofit management : principles and practice. Los Angeles :SAGE Publications,

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdSO7zmh4qk (Links to an external site.)

Overall, what is your opinion about the wounded Warrior Project controversy? Did it engage in practices that violated standards of accountability, or was it just a young organization that needed to spend on overhead to grow?

It is of my perception that the WWP did have a conscious when Melia was part of the organization. He initiated the program to help others, he states in the video interview that the program grew way too big too fast. He also states he wasn’t sure he wanted it to grow that big. I believe that Nardizzi was a CEO that was focused more on the money and making money. The board and Nardizzi’s team lost sight of the veterans and the birth of the WWP. I do believe that Nardizzi’s team engaged practices that violated standards of accountability and performance, but I believe Nardizzi’s team was careful to abide by the law, even though they know they were being unethical.

Worth, Michael J. (2009). Nonprofit management : principles and practice. Los Angeles :SAGE Publications,

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdSO7zmh4qk (Links to an external site.)

Youth Villages

How are the concepts of effectiveness, efficiency, and organizational performance reflected in the Youth Villages case?

Effectiveness, efficiency, and organizational performance are reflected quite well. They have a model which is called “Evidentiary Family Restoration,” that reflect five core tenets (page 180, Worth).

Programs are research based, data drive, and accountable to children, families, and funders. Follow up is a big part of this program, which is so important for the children and families of the program. Youth Village tracks its own members longitudinally at ages 6, 12 and 24 months after discharge. Because of its success with data sets, it has attracted national donors, one who helped this organization gained even more funds from other funders who were participating in Clarks Growth Capital Aggregation Pilot program (page 180, Worth).

In addition, they have continued to improve performance management to track core indicators.

Worth, Michael J. (2009). Nonprofit management : principles and practice. Los Angeles :SAGE Publications,

Which of the approaches to measuring and reporting performance discussed in this chapter are illustrated in the case of Youth Villages?

It is my perception that Youth Villages utilized both performance measurement and performance management. Performance measurements by being transparent about what they did and how they did it. This was showing by having a model. They were very detail oriented by itemizing the amount of children served, staff turnover, physical interventions required, incidents, if any; perceptions by families services; financial performance; compliance with regulatory guidelines and best practices; and success in moving children to less-restrictive environment.

Performance management because by tracking the accurate data this is monitoring the situation on a continuous basis. This is the process of defining, monitoring, and using objective indicators of the performance of organizations.

Youth Villages distinguished the effectiveness it had on the peoples and families by being transparent with its data. This is showing efficiency by measuring the proportion of resources used to produce outputs or attain inputs – cost ratios. Effectiveness is measured by comparing the results achieved with the results. This is obvious with the data reported (page 159 and 160, Worth).

Worth, Michael J. (2009). Nonprofit management : principles and practice. Los Angeles :SAGE Publications,

If Youth Villages were to apply the social return on investment (SROI) approach, what would be some of the cost savings to society that might be calculated (i.e., the social benefits in dollar terms)?

A social return on Youth Villages’ investment would best be described as that they are giving youths an opportunity to gain a sense of family that was once lost. This program can keep children out of foster care, according to youthvillages.org., more than 435,000 children are growing up in these homes currently. This program is giving these children an opportunity to learn family focused living to be a productive member of society and once they are done with school and old enough to move out on their own, either go to college or obtain and keep a job where they can contribute to the economy and lead a great quality of life (page 171 and 172, Worth).

https://youthvillages.org/ (Links to an external site.)

Worth, Michael J. (2009). Nonprofit management : principles and practice. Los Angeles :SAGE Publications,

How does the view of Renz and Herman that effectiveness is socially constructed relate to the case of Youth Villages?

Renz and Herman board best practices and organization effectiveness can raise questions about the effectiveness of the organization overall, as stated in our book (page 174, Worth).

My perception is that Youth Villages board and CEO are accountable, and the performance is straight on. The organization is transparent with all aspects of the organization making the organization attractive for donors. Because of its strategic organization and following of its core model, Youth Villages has been able to grow and expand by fostering in home services, transitional services and family based care. With respect to Youth Villages, I do not agree with Renz and Herman social constructionism perspective

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Providing adequate yellow signal time is important and can reduce crashes

Part 1: This includes an Excel spreadsheet that performs specific calculations.

The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, IIHSLinks to an external site., states on their site that “Providing adequate yellow signal time is important and can reduce crashes. Studies have shown that increasing yellow timing to values associated with guidelines published by the Institute of Transportation Engineers can significantly decrease the frequency of red light violations and reduce the risk of total crashes, injury crashes and right-angle crashes (Bonneson & Zimmerman, 2004Links to an external site.; Retting & Greene, 1997Links to an external site.; Van Der Horst, 1988Links to an external site.; McGee et al., 2012Links to an external site.)._

You will design an Excel spreadsheet that calculates the allowable yellow light interval before changing to red and the red clearance interval based on the Virginia Beach Signal Timing Information. Links to an external site.

The equations that you will implement in your Excel spreadsheet calculator are available on slide 5 of the Signal Timing information. 

Your Excel Spreadsheet should show the following:

  • Posted Speed Limit
  • Adjusted Speed limit
  • Intersection width
  • Vehicle Length
  • Yellow Change Interval
  • Red Clearance Interval
  • Total interval to come to a stop

You will create charts showing the change in the Yellow change interval, Red clearance Interval, and the total Change time for each posted speed used. You will discuss in Part 2 of your project your conclusion based on those results. 

You can investigate in your Excel spreadsheet with different reaction times, deceleration rates, and vehicle length.

Part 2: This includes the development of a PowerPoint presentation showcasing the project enhancement as well as the Excel spreadsheet you designed.

You will design a PowerPoint presentation that details the added functionality of the traffic light system you designed as well as the results of your Excel spreadsheet calculations and comparison charts completed. This portion of the course project is worth 30% of the total project grade.

PowerPoint Presentation Requirements

  • No more than five (5) slides.
  • Must have a title slide.
  • Must have transitions of your choice between slides.
  • Must include an animation of bulleted points

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Why is consistency in design important? Why can too much consistency cause problems?

DISCUSSION- Why is consistency in design important? Why can too much consistency cause problems?

REPLY TO MY CLASSMATE’S RESPONSE TO THE ABOVE QUESTION AND EXPLAIN WHY YOU AGREE? (A MINIMUM OF 100 WORDS or MORE

                           CLASSMATE’S POST

Not just in analyzing or designing systems, having consistency across any organizational process will minimize issues for users or customers. Consistency is regarded has one of the most vital elements in developing a simplistic system because it allows users to calculate what will transpire. When there is consistency in interfaces, operators will be able to interact with one aspect of the system and then recognize how they will interact with the following parts of the system. However, too much consistency could cause issues. Individuals can erroneously use the incorrect function that may need to be completed because they misinterpreted data that has comparable traits to another. Developers need to ensure that they utilize various types of colors, texts, and icons to mitigate the risk of mistaking information that is like another caused by too much consistency.

Reply 2

Why is consistency in design important? Why can too much consistency cause problems?

REPLY TO MY CLASSMATE’S RESPONSE TO THE ABOVE QUESTION AND EXPLAIN WHY YOU AGREE? (A MINIMUM OF 100 WORDS or MORE

                           CLASSMATE’S POST

Consistency is described as one, if not the most important item to consider when developing a system and making that system intuitive for the users. Consistency will also play a key factor in user adoption of the system. The notes in our coursebook regarding having consistent user interfaces is very true. I immediately thought about the Apple eco system. Phone, tablets, Apple TV (those are the products i use the most) have very consistent user interfaces and operate in very similar ways. Consistency also plays into the efficiency of end users when working in the system.

Too much consistency can certainly cause issues in a number of areas. For example, if data entry forms look similar, it can lead end users to enter information in the wrong forms. If reports look the same way, it could lead to end users who may use the reports to make decision to use the wrong information when making decisions, something we don’t ever want to do when designing and developing a system

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Describe what you believe are the important differences between IP version 4 and IP version 6.

Library Research Assignment

The Internet Protocol version 4 has been a tremendous factor contributing to the growth of the Internet.

Using the Online Library, the Internet, and all course materials, research the Internet Protocol version 4 and version 6.

  • Describe what you believe are the important differences between IP version 4 and IP version 6.
  • What do you envision are the specific challenges for an organization associated with migrating from IPv4 to IPv6 and why?
  • What would be your criteria if you worked for a large organization and needed to make the decision to migrate to IPv6 and why?
  • Would dynamic addressing and private IP addresses be a factor in your decision to implement IPv6? Why or why not?
  • IPv6 has been out for some time now. What is your assessment of how is its deployment and use are proceeding for the industry thus far?

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functions that are important in maintaining homeostasis

The Urinary System

Functions of the Urinary System

Urinary system

Performs many functions that are important in maintaining homeostasis

Homeostasis

Process for maintaining a constant internal environment

Maintaining proper balance of water, electrolytes, and acids in the body

Constantly filtering the blood to remove urea, creatinine, uric acid, and other waste

Converting waste products and excess fluids into urine in the kidneys

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.01: Identify and describe the major functions and structures of the urinary system.

2

Structures of the Urinary System (1 of 7)

Urinary system (urinary tract)

Consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder, and one urethra

Adrenal glands

Part of the endocrine system

Located on the top of the kidneys

Genitourinary tract

Reference to two body systems: urinary tract and reproductive organs

Located in close proximity

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.01: Identify and describe the major functions and structures of the urinary system.

3

Structures of the Urinary System (2 of 7)

The primary structures of the urinary system, as shown here in a male, are the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The adrenal gland, positioned on top of each kidney, is a structure of the endocrine system. The prostate gland, which is part of the male reproductive system, surrounds the urethra.

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.01: Identify and describe the major functions and structures of the urinary system.

4

Structures of the Urinary System (3 of 7)

The Kidneys

Constantly filter blood to remove waste products and excess water

Excreted as urine: 95% water and 5% urea and other body wastes

Roughly 150–200 quarts of blood processed daily; produces 1–2 quarts of urine

Bean-shaped; located in the retroperitoneal space

Renal cortex

Outer region of the kidney; contains nephrons

Medulla

Inner region of the kidney; contains most urine-collecting tubules

Nephrons

Microscopic functional units of kidneys

Produce urine

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.01: Identify and describe the major functions and structures of the urinary system.

5

Structures of the Urinary System (4 of 7)

A kidney, with a nephron in close-up, showing the nephron’s associated structures.

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.01: Identify and describe the major functions and structures of the urinary system.

6

Structures of the Urinary System (5 of 7)

The Renal Pelvis

Funnel-shaped area inside each kidney

Surrounded by the renal cortex and medulla

The Ureters

Two narrow tubes

Transport urine from the kidney to the bladder

Urine drains from the ureters into the bladder through ureteral orifices

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.01: Identify and describe the major functions and structures of the urinary system.

7

Structures of the Urinary System (6 of 7)

The Urinary Bladder

Oval, hollow, muscular organ

Reservoir for urine before it is excreted

Located in the anterior portion of the pelvic cavity behind the pubic symphysis

Lined with rugae (folds that allow the bladder to expand when full and contract when empty)

The structures of the male urinary bladder.

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.01: Identify and describe the major functions and structures of the urinary system.

8

Structures of the Urinary System (7 of 7)

The Urethra

Tube from bladder to exterior of body

Has two urinary sphincters

Urethral meatus (urinary meatus)

External opening of the urethra

Female urethra

Approximately 1.5 inches long

Male urethra

Approximately 8 inches long

Prostate gland

Part of male reproductive system

Surrounds the urethra

Cross-sections of the male and female urinary systems.

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.01: Identify and describe the major functions and structures of the urinary system.

9

The Excretion of Urine

Urination

Also known as voiding or micturition

Normal process of excreting urine

Requires coordinated contraction of bladder muscles and relaxation of sphincters

Forces the urine through the urethra and out through the urethral meatus

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.01: Identify and describe the major functions and structures of the urinary system.

10

Medical Specialties Related to the Urinary System

Nephrologist

Physician (specialist)

Diagnoses and treats diseases and disorders of the kidneys

Urologist

Physician (specialist)

Diagnoses and treats diseases and disorders of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.02: Identify the medical specialists who treat disorders of the urinary system.

11

Pathology of the Urinary System (1 of 15)

Nephropathy

Any disease of the kidney

Includes both degenerative and inflammatory conditions

Diabetic nephropathy

Kidney disease resulting from poorly controlled diabetes mellitus

Renal Failure

Inability of one or both of the kidneys to perform their functions

The body cannot replace damaged nephrons

When too many nephrons have been destroyed, the result is kidney failure

Azotemia

Elevation of the blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Uremia can occur when this excess becomes toxic

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

12

Pathology of the Urinary System (2 of 15)

Uremia (uremic poisoning)

Results from renal failure; kidney function is compromised

Urea and waste products normally secreted in the urine are retained in the blood

Acute renal failure (ARF)

Sudden onset and is characterized by uremia

Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

Progressive loss of renal function over months or years

Buildup of waste in the blood can be a contributing factor in heart attacks and stroke

End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

Also known as kidney failure

Final stage of chronic kidney disease

Fatal without dialysis or a successful kidney transplant

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

13

Pathology of the Urinary System (3 of 15)

Nephrotic Syndrome (Nephrosis)

Group of conditions

Excessive amounts of protein are lost through the urine

Usually caused by damage to the glomeruli

Edema: excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues

Hyperproteinuria: abnormally high concentrations of protein in urine

Hypoproteinemia: abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood

Causes of nephrotic syndrome

Diabetes mellitus

Infection

Kidney disorders

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

14

Pathology of the Urinary System (4 of 15)

Additional Kidney Conditions

Ectopic kidney

Congenital condition

One kidney is located in an abnormal position or has fused with the other kidney

Hydronephrosis

Dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys

Nephritis

Inflammation of the kidney or kidneys

Glomerulonephritis

Inflammation of the glomeruli

Red blood cells and proteins leak into urine

A stricture of the ureter can cause both hydronephrosis and hydroureter.

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

15

Pathology of the Urinary System (5 of 15)

Pyonephrosis (nephropyosis)

Suppuration of the kidney

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

Genetic disorder

Numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys

Renal colic

Acute pain caused by a blockage during passage of a nephrolith (kidney stone)

Renal cell carcinoma

Most common kidney cancer in adults

Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)

Rare malignant tumor in young children

Polycystic kidney disease: On the left is the exterior of a kidney with polycystic disease. On the right is a cross-section view of a kidney with polycystic disease.

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

16

Pathology of the Urinary System (6 of 15)

Stones (Calculi)

Abnormal mineral deposit formed within the body

Named for the organ or tissue where it is located

Form when waste products in urine separate and crystallize

Nephrolithiasis

Presence of stones in the kidney

Travel with the flow of urine

Named for the location where they become lodged

Potential locations of renal stones (calculi) as they move through the urinary system.

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

17

Pathology of the Urinary System (7 of 15)

Urinary tract obstruction

Blockage that prevents the flow of urine

Named for its location

Commonly caused by stones, congenital abnormalities, or an enlarged prostate

Nephrolith

Kidney stone or renal calculus found in the kidney

Ureterolith

Stone located anywhere along the ureter

Cystolith

Stone located within the urinary bladder

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

18

Pathology of the Urinary System (8 of 15)

The Ureters

Hydroureter

Distention (swelling) of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because of a ureteral obstruction

Ureteral obstruction

Blockage of one or both ureters

Due to congenital abnormality, ureterolith, or other disorders

Ureterorrhagia

Discharge of blood from the ureter

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

19

Pathology of the Urinary System (9 of 15)

The Urinary Bladder

Cystalgia and cystodynia

Pain in the bladder

Cystocele (prolapsed bladder)

Hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall

Interstitial cystitis

Chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)

Backward flow of urine into the ureters from the bladder

Vesicovaginal fistula

Abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina

Allows constant involuntary flow of urine from the bladder into the vagina

A vesicovaginal fistula allows urine to flow into the vagina.

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

20

Pathology of the Urinary System (10 of 15)

Neurogenic Bladder

Interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination

The bladder may empty spontaneously, resulting in incontinence

Can also prevent the bladder from emptying at all or from emptying completely

Some of the causes of this condition:

Tumor of the nervous system

Trauma

Neuropathy

Inflammatory condition such as multiple sclerosis

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

21

Pathology of the Urinary System (11 of 15)

The Prostate Gland

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Benign prostatic hypertrophy or an enlarged prostate

Enlargement of the prostate gland

Prostatism

Compression/obstruction of the urethra

Prostate cancer

Common cancer among men

Prostatitis

Inflammation of the prostate gland

Bacterial prostatitis

Usually results from bacteria transported in the urine

In benign prostatic hyperplasia, the enlarged prostate presses against the bladder and slows the flow of urine through the urethra.

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

22

Pathology of the Urinary System (12 of 15)

The Urethra

Urethrorrhagia: bleeding from the urethra

Urethrorrhea: abnormal discharge from the urethra

Urethrostenosis (urethral stricture): narrowing of the urethra

Abnormal Urethral Openings

Epispadias: congenital abnormality

Male: opening is located on the upper surface of the penis

Female: opening is in the region of the clitoris

Hypospadias: congenital abnormality

Male: opening is on the ventral surface (underside) of the penis

Female: opens into the vagina

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

23

Pathology of the Urinary System (13 of 15)

Urinary Tract Infections

Commonly caused by bacteria

Occur more frequently in women

Can affect all parts of the urinary system

Urosepsis

Systemic bacterial infection

Cystitis

Inflammation of the bladder

Pyelonephritis

Inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney

Urethritis

Inflammation of the urethra

Infections of the urinary tract, indicated in green: (A) cystitis and (B) pyelonephritis.

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

24

Pathology of the Urinary System (14 of 15)

Urination

Anuria: absence of urine formation by the kidneys

Diuresis: increased output of urine

Dysuria: difficult or painful urination

Enuresis: involuntary discharge of urine

Nocturnal enuresis: urinary incontinence during sleep

Nocturia: frequent and excessive urination during the night

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

25

Pathology of the Urinary System (15 of 15)

Urination

Oliguria: scanty urination

Polyuria: excessive urination

Urinary hesitancy: difficulty in starting a urinary stream

Urinary retention: inability to completely empty the bladder

Incontinence: inability to control the excretion of urine, feces, or both

Urinary incontinence: inability to control the voiding of urine

Overflow incontinence: continuous leaking from the bladder

Stress incontinence: voiding of urine when running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing

Overactive bladder (OAB): also known as urge incontinence; bladder muscles contract involuntarily

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

26

Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System (1 of 4)

Urinalysis (UA)

Examination of urine for the presence of abnormal elements

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Blood test; checks kidney function

Bladder ultrasound

Handheld ultrasound transducer

Urinary catheterization

Insertion of a tube into the bladder

Cystoscopy

Examination of the urinary bladder using a specialized type of endoscope

Use of a cystoscope to examine the interior of the bladder in a male.

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

27

Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System (2 of 4)

Radiographic Examinations of the Urinary System

Computed tomography (CT scan)

Radiographic imaging of the abdomen

Cystography

X-ray or fluoroscopy examination of the bladder

A contrast medium is instilled via a urethral catheter

Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

X-ray images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder using an intravenous contrast medium to clearly visualize the structures

This normal intravenous pyelogram shows the urinary tract, including the ureters, a kidney, and the bladder.

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

28

Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System (3 of 4)

KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder)

X-ray study without the use of a contrast medium

Also referred to as a flat-plate of the abdomen

Retrograde pyelogram

A contrast medium is instilled and caused to flow upward through the urinary tract

Usually as part of cystoscopy

Voiding cystourethrography

Fluoroscopy used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder through the urethra

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

29

Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System (4 of 4)

Diagnostic Procedures of the Prostate Gland

Digital rectal examination (DRE)

Palpation of the prostate gland

In this context, the term digital means using a finger

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test

Used to screen for prostate cancer

Measures the amount of prostate-specific antigen present in a blood specimen

The higher a man’s PSA level, the more likely cancer is present

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

30

Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System (1 of 9)

Medications

Diuretics

Medications administered to increase urine secretion

Primarily to rid the body of excess water and salt

Some foods and drinks (such as coffee, tea, and alcoholic beverages) have a diuretic effect

Other drugs used to treat urinary tract problems

Antibiotics for urinary tract infections

Antispasmodics to block the signals that cause urinary incontinence

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

31

Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System (2 of 9)

Dialysis

Procedure to remove waste products

Used when kidneys no longer function

Hemodialysis

Waste products are filtered directly from the patient’s blood

Performed on an external hemodialysis machine, sometimes referred to as an artificial kidney

Most common type of dialysis

In a hemodialysis unit, waste is filtered from the patient’s blood. The filtered blood is then returned to the patient’s body.

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

32

Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System (3 of 9)

Peritoneal dialysis

The lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as a filter to remove waste from blood

Repeated several times during the day; can be done using an automated system

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)

Provides dialysis as the patient goes about daily activities

Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) or automated peritoneal dialysis (APD)

Provides dialysis during the night while the patient sleeps

Peritoneal dialysis removes waste through a fluid exchange in the peritoneal cavity.

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

33

Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System (4 of 9)

The Kidneys

Nephrolysis

Surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions

Nephrostomy

Catheter used to maintain an opening from one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body

Tubes are also used to gain access to the kidneys for diagnostic procedures

Pyelotomy

Surgical incision into the renal pelvis

Removes obstructions, such as a stone

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

34

Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System (5 of 9)

Renal transplantation (kidney transplant)

Grafting of a donor kidney

Tissue match increases success rate

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Most common kidney stone treatment

Uses high-energy ultrasonic waves

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)

Surgical removal of a nephrolith

Performed through a small incision in the back

In a kidney transplant, the nonfunctioning kidney is usually not removed. Instead, the donor kidney and its associated structures are sutured into place at a lower point in the abdomen.

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

35

Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System (6 of 9)

The Ureters

Ureterectomy: surgical removal of a ureter

Ureteroscopy: treatment for a nephrolith lodged in the ureter

Ureteroscope: specialized instrument to remove nephrolith

The Urinary Bladder

Cystectomy: surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder

Cystorrhaphy: surgical suturing of a wound or defect in the bladder

Lithotomy: surgical incision for removal of a nephrolith in the bladder

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

36

Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System (7 of 9)

The Urinary Bladder

Urinary catheterization (cathing)

Indwelling catheter

Remains for a prolonged time

Foley: most common catheter type

Urethral catheterization

Inserting a catheter through the urethra

Suprapubic catheterization

Inserting a catheter through an incision

Intermittent catheter (short-term)

Inserted as needed several times a day to drain urine from the bladder

Types of urinary catheterization.

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

37

Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System (8 of 9)

The Urethra

Meatotomy

Surgical incision made in the urethral meatus to enlarge the opening

Urethroplasty

Surgical repair of damage or a defect in the walls of the urethra

Urethrotomy

Surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture

Prostate Treatment

Ablation

Removal of a body part or the destruction of its function

Uses surgery, hormones, drugs, heat, chemicals, electrocautery, or other methods

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

38

Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System (9 of 9)

Prostatectomy

Removal of part or all of the prostate gland

Transurethral prostatectomy (TURP)

Removal of excess tissue from an enlarged prostate

Radiation therapy; hormone therapy

Additional treatments to control prostate cancer

Urinary incontinence treatment

Kegel exercises: pelvic muscle exercises

Bladder retraining: increases bladder capacity

A transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) being performed with the use of a resectoscope.

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.

39

Abbreviations Related to the Digestive System

Reference Table 9.1 in the text for an overview of the abbreviations related to the terms introduced in this chapter

Examples:

Acute renal failure = ARF

Benign prostatic hyperplasia = BPH

Chronic kidney disease = CKD

End-stage renal disease = ESRD

Polycystic kidney disease = PKD

Urinary tract infection = UTI

Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 9th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objective 9.03: Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system

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Why is it important for the marketer to distinguish between customer acquisition, conversion, and retention when developing marketing strategies?

E-Marketing – respond to the following questions in accordance to the criteria below. 

  1. Why is it important for the marketer to distinguish between customer acquisition, conversion, and retention when developing marketing strategies?

In addition to the offer, what are the elements of a direct marketing strategy?

  1. How do direct marketers distinguish between the “front end” and the “back end” of a transaction? Why is this important?
  2. Explain the customer lifetime value (CLV) concept. Thinking about a specific firm, how could it use the concept of CLV to increase the overall profitability of its customer base?

The assignment will meet the APA 6th edition format criteria, write a minimum of 2 full pages, and follow the structure:

1. APA Title page

2. Body (do not write each question, use a heading then start the text after each heading)

3. Question 1 (Write a minimum of 150 words for this response)

4. Question 2 (Write a minimum of 150 words for this response)

5. Question 3 (Write a minimum of 150 words for this response)

6. Question 4 (Write a minimum of 150 words for this response)

7. References (make sure that each reference is cited in the text)

For help with all things APA, please review the following link: 

https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

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In the context of COVID-19, what are important aspects of the university experiences for SoSS students and why are these aspectsimportant to them?

Coding level 1  (Parent code)Coding level 2                             (Child code)Quotes
Flexible HoursChildcare“……………………” (participant 1) “……………………” (participant 2) “……………………” (participant 4)
Work/Employment“……………………” (participant 2) “……………………” (participant 3)
Good TeachersCommunication“……………………” (participant 1)
Availability/consultation“……………………” (participant 3)
 Caring“……………………..” (participant 1) “…………………….” (participant 4)
Blended LearningDifferent learning styles“……………………..” (participant 1) “……………………..” (participant 3) “……………………..” (participant 4)
 Flexibility“……………………..” (participant 1) “……………………..” (participant 2)
Social OpportunitiesCampus meeting place“……………………..” (participant 1) “……………………..” (participant 2) “……………………..” (participant 4)
 Campus events and clubs“……………………..” (participant 2) “……………………..” (participant 3) “……………………..” (participant 4)

This is the template that should be used and filled out. It is called ‘interview coding table’’.

Instructions for Qualitative data

Table should be filled out with the information provided on the conducted interview attached. I conducted this interview in class with a fellow student. We ran out of time so I wasn’t  able to ask all the intended question. Please include that in the 500 words writing component.

Research Question

‘In the context of COVID-19, what are important aspects of the university experiences for SoSS students and why are these aspectsimportant to them?

Present your qualitative interview coding table (Table 1) and then write 500 words about it. These 500 words should include

  • How the data was generated (summary of method). (4 marks )(whole steps you did- your student handbook is a good guide to look into about the research process you did)
  • Their interpretation of the data (i.e. what does the data SHOW / MEAN ?) How does it answer the research question? (analysis) (8 marks) Refer to Table 1 in your discussion, connect with your research question
  • Suggestions /Recommendations for how the findings could be used, e.g., to inform policy, identify patterns in social phenomenon (3 marks) – well justified findings coming from your coding table
  • Data Presentation is important as they can get you easy 5 marks as below.

Table title, source statements (2)

Quality of data (3)

No references/reference list required.

Portfolio – submission checklist for Quantitative data (500 words)

You have a choice between analysing survey data or a content analysis (see module 3.5 folder). Please submit only one of them as you won’t gain any extra marks for submitting both. You will lose marks if you submit both. Data presented in tables/figures are not part of this 500 word count.

  • Write your quantitative research question clearly

So if you are using survey data for quantitative component (500 words), then your research question is:

‘In the context of COVID-19, what are the most important campus facilities to Western Sydney University students and why?’

Present your univariate and bivariate analysis (tables/figures) and discuss in 500 words

Table title, source statements (2)

Quality of data (3)

No references/reference list required.

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