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How Mind is Responsible for Differences in Perceptions among Individuals

Required Resources

Readings

  • Myers, D. G. (2014). Exploring psychology, in modules (9th ed.). New York, NY: Worth.
    • Module 3, “Neural and Hormonal Systems” (pp. 38–49)
    • Module 4, “The Brain” (pp. 50–67)
    • Module 8, “Drugs” (pp. 108–120)
  • National Institutes of Health. (2010). Drugs, brain, and behavior: The science of addiction. Retrieved from http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/science-addiction/drugs-brain  

    This web article focuses on how the brain communicates and how drugs work in the brain.

Media

Optional Resources

  • Semple, W. E., Goyer, P. F., McCormick, R., Donovan, B., Muzic, R. F., Jr., Rugle, L., … & Schulz, S. C. (2000). Higher brain blood flow at amygdala and lower frontal cortex blood flow in PTSD patients with comorbid cocaine and alcohol abuse compared with normals. Psychiatry, 63(1), 65–74.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Week 2 Assignment

Assignment: Perception

You are not aware of the many brain processes that help create your experiences. For example, the hippocampus, a part of your brain, processes memories of facts and episodes while the amygdale, another part of your brain, processes emotions. Additionally, the thalamus, located on top of the brainstem is the brain’s sensory switchboard because it receives information from all of the senses, except smell. Imagine life without one of or more of these parts of your brain functioning properly.

To further explore the connection between brain structure and thoughts, consider the following scenario:

Car A runs a red light and collides with Car B. Two women witness the collision. One, a mechanic at an auto body repair shop, is able to analyze details of the crash because of her extensive experience repairing damaged vehicles. The other woman had a panic attack because she was involved in a near fatal accident six months prior. Although both witnessed the same collision, each woman’s reaction is very different.

For this Assignment, you explore the brain’s interworking by explaining why two people witnessing the same event have different reactions.

To prepare for this Assignment:

  • Two people can experience the same situation yet have dramatically different perceptions of what happened. Review the following scenario:
    • You are sitting in a meeting, when two coworkers arrive late. The first apologizes and says, “Sorry, there was a minor fender bender at the intersection, and I had to wait a few minutes to get around it.” A few moments later, the second coworker enters and says, “I’m sorry I’m late, but there was a terrible accident at the intersection. There was a lot of damage. I’ll be surprised if no one was killed!” You realize that both are describing the same accident.
  • Review Module 3, “Neural and Hormonal Systems,” to explore the link between biological activity and psychological events.
  • Review Module 4, “The Brain,” and focus on what each part of the brain controls. Consider how brain function is related to thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
  • Review the web tutorial, “Neural Messages.” Focus on each function of the nervous system (such as hearing a sound).

Submit by Day 7 a paper of 1–2 pages explaining how two people may have completely different perceptions of the same event. Use this week’s Learning Resources to inform your response. Explain how each witness’s brain structure and neurotransmission is responsible for their different reactions.

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Psychology: Perception

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How Mind is Responsible for Differences in Perceptions among Individuals

Perceptions are the way people organize and interpret their sensory feelings to achieve a particular meaning (Finkelstein, Matarazzo, & Zimmerman, 2007). Each Individual has his/her unique way of viewing things. Perception often results from the mental way of giving significance to particular stimuli such as color, feeling, shapes, smell, pain, sound, taste and touch. It is from the perception that individual responses to particular situations that can be understood or known. At the center of the perception is the role of the mind, which coordinates all body responses.

            Human mind is the manifestation of thought and awareness of the consciousness, perception, emotion and imaginations that take place in the brain (György, 2006). The biggest part of the brain is the cerebrum, which is responsible for intelligence and reasoning. The body organs such as hands, skin and eyes are responsible for detecting a stimulus, which is then transmitted to the brain for interpretation. The brain can interpret a similar stimuli felt by two in two different ways.  Individual nerves contain specialist nerves that respond differently to energy that are received.  Although the brain works with the aid of the electrical signals send by the neurons, it is also subject to influence from other neurotransmitting substances. In addition, the mind stores information, which can be retrieved and used to interpret current situations. Therefore, minds of two individuals are general in respond to changes in the environment. This provides some implications in which two individuals perceive the world. Two individuals can have different perception of a particular situati…….…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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How companies or organizations and individuals use digital or social media to effectively communicate ideas, information, arguments, and messages to achieve a specific goal

 PROJECT 3: RESEARCH PAPER

 Objective

The purpose of this project is to demonstrate your understanding of the following course concepts:

1. How companies or organizations and individuals use digital or social media to effectively communicate ideas, information, arguments, and messages to achieve a specific goal.
2. How digital or social media has transformed the communication of an idea, information, and arguments in society.
3. Access, analyze, interpret, and evaluate digital media to foster learning and to guide decision-making.
4. Make responsible choices in the creation and consumption of digital media based on awareness of global, social, ethical, and legal contexts.

 Project Description
In this project, you will select a topic discussed in class from the list provided below, conduct additional research on the topic, and share this information in a research paper. 
Project 3 consists of: 

1. Project Requirements (topics and content to cover)
2. Paper Requirements (content organization)
3. Submission Requirements (how to submit your assignment)
4. APA Resources (how to cite and select sources)
5. Due Date Information and Late Policy

 Project Requirements
Select one of the 12 research topics below and complete ALL THREE sections: 

RESEARCH TOPICS

Topic 1: Digital Media as a Distraction (Week 1)
Digital Nation: Life on the Virtual Frontier – Chapter 1: Distracted by Everything PBS Online Video Documentary Series – Chapter 1 (00:00 – 08:28 minutes)
Topic 2: Digital Media’s Effects on the Brain (Week 1)
Digital Nation: Life on the Virtual Frontier – Chapter 2: What’s It Doing to Their Brains? PBS Online Video Documentary Series – Chapter 2 (08:29 – 10:40 minutes)
Topic 3: The Use of Digital and Social Media in Politics (Week 2)
(Smartphone political ads target non-political events to talk directly to voters, one by one (web page)
Topic 4: Cyber Psychology (Week 2)

Cyber psychology and cyber behavior of adolescents-the need of the contemporary era (web page)

Topic 5: Virtual Worlds and Their Impact on Society (Week 3)
Digital Nation: Life on the Virtual Frontier- Chapter 7 Virtual Worlds PBS Online Video Documentary Series – Start the video then Navigate to Chapter 7 (52:05 – 1:01:26)

Topic 6: Fake News (Week 3)
Fake News Vs Real News (PBS Online video) 

Topic 7: Digital Rights Management (DRM) (Week 4)
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) (web page)

Topic 8: Filter Bubbles (Week 4)
How Filter Bubbles Isolate You (YouTube Video) 
Measuring the Filter Bubble: How Google is measuring what you click.

Topic 9: Data Visualization (Week 5)
“Information is Beautiful” http://www.informationisbeautiful.net/
Big Data Visualization (YouTube Video)

Topic 10: The Digital Divide (Week 6)
Digital Divides 2016 | Pew Research Center  http://www.pewinternet.org/topics/digital-divide/2017
Small towns join forces to bridge the digital divide (YouTube video) 

Topic 11: Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants (Week 6)
Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants (PDF) 

Topic 12: E-commerce (Week 7)
How Amazon Controls E-commerce: Amazon.com the Hidden empire: (online slideshow – 84 slides)

SECTION 1: SELECT ONE TOPIC FROM THE 12 TOPICS LISTED ABOVE
Answer the questions below:
Item 1: Which topic did you select?
Item 2: Why does this topic appeal to you?
NOTE 1: Section 1 should be the shortest section of your paper (10-15%).

SECTION 2: SUMMARIZE THE TOPIC YOU SELECTED USING CLASS RESOURCES
Discuss your topic as presented in class. This is a summary of all the resources used in class relating to the topic including online discussions.
Item 1: Summarize the information on the topic as presented in the class, using the Read & Watch resources AND any classroom discussion (online or f2f) of the topic.
Item 2: Is the topic you selected relevant in a course on digital and social media? Whether you answer yes or no, justify your answer.
Section 2 Sources: Include the source(s) as an in-paper citation and on your References page.
NOTE 2: Section 2 should comprise (30-40%) of your paper.

SECTION 3: CONDUCT ADDITIONAL RESEARCH ON THE TOPIC
Provide additional information on the topic you selected by locating TWO or MORE new resources (in addition to the resources provided in class) to expand your knowledge of the topic.
Item 1: What additional sources did you find on the topic you selected (list at least 2)?
Item 2: Why is EACH resource you found (a) relevant, (b) credible, (c) accurate, and (d) unbiased based on what you learned from the What is a Credible Source? How to Evaluate Web Resources? Address a-d in your answer.
Item 3: What new information do the two new resources contribute to the topic as presented in class?
Section 3 Sources: Include at least TWO SOURCES related to your topic that are NOT presented, discussed, or posted in the weekly Read & Watch in class or posted in the 15 topic list above. Include these sources as in-paper citations and list them on your References page.
NOTE 3: Section 3 should comprise the majority of your paper (45-60%). This is where your primary focus should be.

 Paper Requirements
1. Your paper must follow APA format guidelines throughout.
(A sample APA template for you to use is attached to the bottom of this page. It contains Latin placeholder text. Replace the text with your content).

a. Double-spaced
b. 1-inch Margins
c. 12-point size professional font (e.g. Times New Roman)
d. Header
e. Automatic Page numbers
f. Title page
g. Reference page

2. Length: Minimum of 1,500
(Title page, Reference page, and direct quotes do not count toward the total word count). 
NOTE 4: Going over 1,500 words is fine, but if you are under 1,500 you will be penalized based on the following scale:  

One letter grade (10%) for every 500 words you are under the word count minimum.

3. Title Page 

Your title page must be APA formatted and include the following:
a. Project Name
b. Your Name
c. Course Name and Section Number
d. Semester
e. Instructor’s Name
f. Title of Research Paper Topic

4. References Page
Your References page must be APA formatted.

5. Sources: Include the source(s) from Section 2 and at least TWO (2) sources in Section 3.

Clarification: Please do not use unprofessional sources such as Wikipedia, About.com, Answers.com, Dictionary.com, How.com, or anything remotely similar.  Examples of scholarly sources include textbooks, articles, academic journals, and conference proceedings. Scholarly resources are written by experts in their fields, grounded in research, and often refereed (reviewed and edited by researchers in the field). Examples of professional sources include trade journals or magazines. Professional sources are written for a specific audience that works in a certain field. They are not research-based. You can also use our course content (e.g. Read & Watch resources) as a source as well. UMGC has a top-notch, extensive online library. You can find many scholarly and professional sources there.

NOTE 5: You can also use social media (e.g. Twitter posts, blogs, YouTube) sources as well as this is a paper about the use of digital and social media.

6. Setup & Organization
Your paper must include the following pages and Level 1 Headings:

a. Cover Page
b. Topic Introduction (Section 1)
c. Topic Discussion (Section 2)
d. Additional Research (Section 3)
e. Reference Page

 APA Resources
UMGC’s Library offers several resources for APA formatting and citation style, including the resources below:
APA 7th Edition: General Rules, Citation Examples, and Video Overview (UMGC Library).

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Needs of certain groups of individuals or institutions (e.g., veterans, the elderly, the poor, hospitals, or clinics)

 Your task is to offer a detailed critique of a peer-reviewed article you locate in the CSU Online Library. The article must be related to explaining how the needs of certain groups of individuals or institutions (e.g., veterans, the elderly, the poor, hospitals, or clinics) can determine how government on the local, state, or federal level spends their money. Using the first few pages of Chapter 1 as a guide, select a specific group of individuals or institutions in our society as part of your search. In your critique, address the following questions/points:

  • What are the main points and arguments of the author(s)?
  • What is your opinion of the article? How does the article relate to your experience or current job in the public or nonprofit sector?
  • How can the points and arguments of the author(s) be applied to the public sector in a practical sense?
  • Describe how positive and negative externalities could affect the efficiency with which governments can allocate their resources to provide for the needs of citizens.

The critique should be roughly 500 words in length (approximately two double-spaced pages). Be sure to cite all borrowed, quoted, and paraphrased material appropriately in APA style. Your professor is most interested in your opinion (the second and third bullet points above).

Textbook:

Hyman, D. N. (2014). Public finance: A contemporary application of theory to policy (11th ed.). Cengage Learning. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781305474253

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Ethics are significant viewpoints where it is a lot of rules that will control the individuals in playing out the exercises by overseeing human conduct so as to lead life ethically

1.Ethics are significant viewpoints where it is a lot of rules that will control the individuals in playing out the exercises by overseeing human conduct so as to lead life ethically. These angles will concern the method for getting things done by discipline the decision of picking among good and bad. It will control the human point of view by the reception of moral standards throughout their life for a superior method for living. The moral standards primarily sway the basic leadership procedure of people.

In practically every one of the associations, pioneers use the moral ways of thinking to settle on different choices concerning their organizations. Moral ways of thinking have been planned so that they manage every one of the components of an association and offer direction in authority just as basic leadership. In binding moral basic leadership to a business or an association, choices on Ethics are basically restricted to words and activities. The conduct of people can be accessed through words and activities, yet there is no chance to get of evaluating one’s considerations. Our considerations have a ramification on our deeds and words and can be guided by the moral ways of thinking to have the best outcomes. This paper will portray the moral ways of thinking from the point of view of an association.

For instance clarifying moral qualities from the youthful age for example in schools where they can make a few exercises where understudies can comprehend the significance of moral qualities and tail them in their life. For example when they are working or living in a general public they won’t make any issues others or upset others. Additionally in working environment they won’t cause clashes and contribute for that organization by making great working place and furthermore deal with their existence with no issues. This sort of Ethics should be trailed by everybody so they will contribute for the general public also.

These are the primary described schools of Ethics and they for the most part center on controlling human conduct. These Ethics went under the way of thinking where the Ethics are really identified with this present reality element by having network identified with the everyday discerning of the individuals.

rat 2.In almost all the organizations, leaders utilize the ethical schools of thought to make various decisions concerning their firms.  Ethical schools of thought have been designed in such a way that they deal with all the elements of an organization and offer guidance in leadership as well as decision making. In confining ethical decision making to a business or an organization, decisions on ethics are primarily limited to words and actions. The behaviour of individuals can be evaluated through words and actions, but there is no way of assessing one’s thoughts. Our thoughts have an implication on our deeds and words and can be guided by the ethical schools of thought to have the best results. This paper will be describing the ethical schools of thought from the perspective of an organization.

One of the ethical schools of thought is virtue ethics. This philosophy relates to the quest for understanding and living a life that is characterized by good morals (Nys, 2010). In an organization, leaders utilize virtue ethics to make various decisions in an organization to ensure that all the activities that the organization is involved in are morally acceptable. Virtue ethics in an organization involves the leaders practising on being brave, honest, and generous. By applying these virtual elements, the leaders lead in an honourable way.

When the employees in an organization apply virtual ethics, they are bound to work ‘towards the set goals and objectives. When employees apply virtual ethics, they honour virtuous habits and thus making them make the right choices whenever they are in a dilemma or even when they are faced by various challenges. When virtual ethics is employed in a firm, it helps individuals to get into a comprehension of what it implies to be virtuous human beings. It also gives them a guide of living life without giving individuals some specific rules for solving ethical dilemmas. 

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Organizations contract or hire individuals with specific skills to conduct internal audits.

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words: 

Organizations contract or hire individuals with specific skills to conduct internal audits. This is done to ensure their organizations are following their documented policies, procedures, and processes. In addition, federal mandates placed on organizations require continuous audits, leading organizations to contract outside auditors to work with their internal auditors and determine the health of the organization.

Identify the internal and external processes used by auditors for the organization you choose.

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Discuss the exposure limits of this carcinogen, and how individuals were exposed

Instructions

Research a carcinogen that can be classified as either an environmental or occupational toxicant that has had relevance in the news within the last five years. 

In your paper, analyze and briefly summarize the situation that brought the carcinogen to newsworthy status. Discuss the exposure limits of this carcinogen, and how individuals were exposed. Also, discuss the toxicological effects that were not only observed, but all of the possible effects of this agent. In referencing Chapter 23 from your assigned reading, briefly discuss the models used for assessing cancer risks. 

Your analysis should be at least three pages in length. The title page and reference page are not included in the required paper length. Your paper must contain at least three references and may include reliable internet sources, books, and professional journals or resources related to the profession. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

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mental disorder or illness, terminally-ill patients, incarcerated individuals, undocumented immigrants, or convicted felons)

Observation project 

The paper should be between 3 and 8 pages in length (excluding title page and reference page). It should include a minimum of 3 to 10 valid outside sources. Students will choose a setting or group and conduct an observation, focusing on noting deviant behavior in that setting or group. Suggested settings include busy street corners, malls, coffee shops or restaurants, airports, churches, public parks, courtrooms, etc. They will write a paper relating their observations and analyzing the deviant behavior using what they have learned in the course. Sociology majors will format their paper using the ASA style. Other majors may use the style they are most familiar with (APA, MLA, etc.).

Guidelines about how to conduct observations are presented at the end of this syllabus.

PLEASE NOTE: This project is classified as a “class activity” by the Saint Leo University Institutional Review Board. To respect this classification, the following parameters must be applied:

• Students will not interact directly with the people they observe, beyond answering basic questions or carrying casual conversations. They will not conduct lengthy interviews.

• The results will only be shared in the context of the class, excluding any presentation or report to an audience outside of the classroom for which it is completed.

• The goal of the activity is NOT to contribute to generalizable knowledge. Students may collect and analyze data using scientific methods, but the protocol is too limited to permit any valid contribution to the general body of scientific knowledge.

• The activity does not involve any risk to participants beyond those of daily life.

• If the observation takes place on private property, in a setting that is not open to the public: The student must provide proof of authorization to conduct their observation there. The participants do not belong to a sensitive population (such as individuals under 18 years of age, individuals diagnosed with a mental disorder or illness, terminally-ill patients, incarcerated individuals, undocumented immigrants, or convicted felons). Observations in public settings (including stores, restaurants, malls, coffee shops, airports) may involve any kind of participants.