Tag: pragmatic

Argumentative paper of approximately 5 – 7 pages

double-spaced, standard margins, 12pt font. The paper will

count for approximately 20% of your grade. The format for

the paper is discussed in Appendix A below. The hard

copy of the paper is due in class; and an electronic copy

in Word format should be simultaneously uploaded to

Moodle.csun.edu (for Turnitin originality report) on the

due date. Late papers will get an automatic F, and will not be

accepted. There will be no exceptions. If you cannot submit

a hard copy in person, email your class partner to submit it for

you on the day it is due.

Paper topics must be relevant to business ethics (not

personal, professional, or social ethics). If you are unsure

about your topic you should check with me. I do not suggest

paper topics – it is your job, and the first step in writing the

paper. The required paper format is part of this syllabus

(Appendix A). Failure to follow the required format will result

in a C paper (at best).

Appendix A: the required format for the term paper.

Submit your paper on Moodle.csun.edu in .doc format, in

addition to submitting a hard copy in class. If you

submit an empty (or unreadable)document, or a paper

from another class, that will be an automatic 0. Be sure

you understand how to write, save and retrieve a

document on a computer before you continue with this

class. Basic computer skills are obviously needed.

Uploading files is almost exactly like attaching to an

email – it’s very simple. It’s the content of the paper that’s

supposed to be hard.

Each item in bold in this appendix (i.e.,the words Claim,

Explanation of the Claim, Reasons For/Against,

Rebuttals) should appear on your paper. The paper will be

discussed in class. If you miss this discussion, obtain notes

from your classmates. You should take your audience to be

an average reader, not your philosophy instructor.

The most important part about the paper is that it should

contain your original thoughts and arguments. In other

words, this is an analysis paper not a research paper. It is

easily ascertained when you have taken concepts, reasons,

and discussion from some other source. The only things

that you are allowed to research are the facts (which must

be documented). The following facts should be researched:

what countries permit bribery, what is defined as child labor,

what are applicable laws, what are the legal definitions of

discrimination, how many illegal aliens are working in the

country.

Claim:

A single well-worded declarative statement.

E.g., “Should American companies hire underage workers’ in

countries that legally permit it?” is NOT in declarative form,

and therefore is not a claim. Questions do not assert

anything.

The claim must have moral significance. For example, “Many

US companies hire underage workers in countries that legally

permit such hires” is a factual claim and does not have moral

significance.

“It is economically advantageous for US companies to hire

underage workers” is a pragmatic claim and doesn’t have

moral significance. On the other hand, “It is permissible for the US companies tohire underage workers in countries that legally permit suchhires.” does have moral significance. The claim mustto business ethics.

Common problems:

Vague claims; claims posed in the form of

a question; too broad or too narrow claims; non-moral claims;

more than one issue in the claim. Claims about abortion,

death penalty, assisted suicide, legitimacy of war, cloning,

religion, etc., are NOT relevant business ethics claims.

Explanation of the Claim:

You should explain very carefully

and in common-sense vocabulary what you mean by the

claim itself and by the terms involved in the claim. For

example, it is not immediately apparent what is meant by “US

companies should not hire underage workers in countries

where it is legally permissible.” I do not know (or pretend not

to know for the purposes of grading) what is meant by

“underage”, by “countries where it is legally permissible”.

Common problems: assuming that the terms your use are

self-explanatory. The reader of your paper will assume no

prior knowledge of your subject on his part, If your do not

explain your terms, concepts, relationships you will start

losing points. Arguing in the explanation part of the paper,

rather than explaining what you mean by your claim.

Reasons For the Claim:

Each reason for the claim should be

numbered with Arabic numerals (1), (2), (3), (4), (5). You

should provide at least four reasons for your claim. Each

reason must be unpacked in a whole paragraph. Each

reason must have moral significance.

Common problems: sketchy arguments; pragmatic rather thanmoral arguments; insufficiently developed arguments;

argument borrowed from other sources (even if documented);

arguments that appeal to psychological rather than moral

considerations, weak or not well-thought out arguments.

Reasons Against the Claim:

Here you step into the shoes of

your hypothetical opponent and think of reasons why your

claim doesn’t hold. Each reason against the claim should be

numbered with Roman numerals (I), (II), (III), (IV). You should

provide at least four reasons against your claim. Each reason

must be unpacked in a whole paragraph. Each reason must

have moral significance.

Common problems: same as above; attempting to rebut the

arguments presented in Reasons For the Claim – this belongs

to the Rebuttal section.

Decision:

At this point in the paper you must decide which

set of reasons (i.e., Reasons For or Reasons Against the

Claim) is a stronger set. You must explain why you think a

particular set of reasons is stronger. This part must be a full

paragraph rather than a couple of sentences.

Rebuttals:

At this point in the paper you must provide a

counterargument against each reason in the set of reasons

that you found to be weaker (in the Decision part of the

paper). For example, if you found Reasons For the Claim to

be a weaker set of reasons, you must counter-argue against

(1), (2), (3), (4). Conversely, if you found Reasons Against tobe a weaker set, you must counter-argue against (I), (II), (III),

(IV). Each counterargument must be unpacked in a whole

paragraph.

Not acceptable topics for the paper:

– Cultivation and sale of Cannabis

– Outsourcing (this will be discussed in class)

– Issues regarding athletics or sports

– Child labor

– Executive compensation

– Illegal immigration

– Testing on animals

– Tobacco

– Anything having to do with small business

– In general, anything that is prohibited by a relevant federal

law, such as bribery, monopoly, discrimination, etc

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