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Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and treatment

Respond to at least two (2) peers, asking a question about their process in creating their purpose or make a suggestion to strengthen the connection between the problem and purpose statement. Then continue to check in each week by asking a question, sharing an experience, responding to someone else, or adding helpful links and resources.

LINDA

Purposeful Connection

The statement’s research topic focuses on analyzing the attitudes about prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and treatment held by older African American males who are at least 70 years old. It shows the need to address a number of factors, including attitudes, knowledge gaps, impediments, and preferences (Rosenstock, 1990), while also acknowledging the presence of a knowledge gap.

The purpose of the research is to investigate and comprehend more fully the health beliefs held by this community. The study intends to extensively analyze the experiences and opinions of older African American males about PSA testing and treatment by using qualitative research methodologies like focus groups or interviews. In the research, characteristics and ideas linked to participants’ perspectives, knowledge gaps, obstacles, and preferences about prostate cancer screening and treatment will be described and clarified.

My choice of a qualitative research design is justified by the need to thoroughly examine the richness and nuances of the participants’ experiences and perspectives. Unlike quantitative measures, a qualitative approach allows a more profound comprehension of the participants’ thoughts and experiences about PSA testing and treatment.

Therefore, the purpose of the study aligns harmoniously with the research problem as it seeks to bridge the identified knowledge gap by exploring and illuminating the variables of interest tied to healthcare beliefs. The study facilitates a comprehensive exploration of their health beliefs by capturing the intricate and diverse aspects of the participants’ encounters and viewpoints through qualitative methods, such as interviews or focus groups. The qualitative approach goes beyond numerical data and grants a deeper understanding of their thoughts and experiences concerning PSA testing and treatment.

Subsequently, the purpose statement delineates the study’s specific objectives, aligning with the identified research problem and underscoring the necessity of a qualitative approach to attain an all-encompassing comprehension of the healthcare beliefs held by older African American men aged 70 and above regarding PSA testing and treatment.

Reference

Rosenstock, I. M. (1990). The Health Belief Model: Explaining health behavior through expectancies. In K Glanz, F.M. Lewis, & B.R. Rimer, (Eds.), Health Behavior and Health Education, (pp. 39-62). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Inc.

SHELLON

Consistency in the problem and purpose statements improves the logic of any research, which is vital for research transparency. The problem statement discusses the topic and the problem and describes the gap, which is not the problem. The gaps are not solutions to the problem, and solutions are also not research gaps. The connection to the purpose statement is where the researcher describes their intention of researching the problem in Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and treatment.

My research problem is how women survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse (CSA) find resilience through meaning-making mechanisms. Childhood Sexual Abuse is a severe worldview issue affecting all ages, women and men. According to Van Der Westhuizen and the authors (2023), little is known from the literature about the specific meaning-making mechanisms that CSA survivors experience. Even though several mechanisms were identified, such as being benevolent, restoring and empowering the inner self, future research is recommended by the authors to confirm those findings to inform treatment interventions for women survivors of CSA.

With this knowledge, the problem statement is that even though CSA women survivors find s source of meaning and fulfillment throughout their recovery process, meaning-making, which may facilitate resilience, little is known confirming if the meaning-making mechanisms, such as restoring and empowering the inner self, are effective. Van Der Westhuizen (2023) emphasized that the severity of CSA is global and has life-long devasting effects on individuals’ intrapersonal functioning, such as low self-esteem.

The purpose aligns and consistently connects well with the research problem and problem statement. This qualitative study aims to explore and confirm the meaning-making mechanisms CSA women survivors experience to inform intervention treatment. According to Van Der Westhuizen (2023), clinicians and researchers are aware of the prevalence of CSA among females, which affects 180 in every 1000. This qualitative study will focus on meaning-making described in the literature as a combination of emotional, cognitive, existential, and motivational factors allowing CSA survivors to make sense of the trauma and feel fulfilled (Wong, 2011).

References

Van Der Westhuizen, M., Walker-Williams, H. J., & Fouché, A. (2023). Meaning Making Mechanisms in Women Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Scoping Review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 24(3), 1363–1386. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380211066100 Links to an external site.

Wong P. T. P. (2011). Positive psychology 2.0: Towards a balanced interactive model of the good life. Canadian Psychology, 52(2), 69–81. Crossref

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Case Study Chapter 9

YOU BE THE JUDGE The patient, on the first day postoperative for a transurethral prostate resection, received a unit of packed cells early in the morning on the supposition that he was bleeding internally. That afternoon at 3:22 p.m., the patient’s wife informed the nurse that her husband was breathing “heavily” and requested that the nurse assess him. The nurse, according to the testimony of the wife, informed her that the doctor was aware of the patient’s breathing pattern and that there was nothing about which she should worry. The nurse did not leave the nursing station. The patient subsequently died related to a shock from the internal bleeding complicated by a reaction to the blood transfusion. In court some years later, this same nurse testified that she had called the surgeon immediately to report that the patient’s respirations were 50, that she had taken vital signs that were within the normal limits for this patient, and that she had obtained a pulse oximeter reading that was acceptable. She also testified that she kept calling the physician’s office to report these findings.

None of this nursing care was documented in the progress notes that the patient’s nurse placed in the patient’s chart the next day. The nurse testified that she had compiled the progress notes from scratch notes she had written during the previous afternoon. The nurse further testified that it was her practice to make handwritten notes during the time that she worked and then to type her progress notes on the hospital system the next day. Additionally, this nurse never documented taking vital signs during the critical 2 hours between the spike in the patient’s respirations and the time he was pronounced. The surgeon’s office nurse testified that a call was received from the hospital at 4:00 p.m. and that the surgeon immediately left the office for the hospital. The surgeon testified that he called the hospital from his car phone and that he immediately called a code as soon as he reached the patient’s room.

1. Did the lack of documentation affect the ultimate outcome of this case? 2. Was there negligence on the part of the nursing staff in the care of this patient? 3. How does the obvious contradiction in the testimony between the patient’s hospital nurse and the office nurse’s and physician’s account of what happened affect your decision in this case? 4. What standards for documentation did the patient’s nurse breach? 5. How would you decide this case?

Using the sample professional liability insurance policy (Guido, p. 193-194), locate the various provisions:

· Limits of liability

· Declarations

· Deductibles

· Exclusions

· Reservation of rights

· Covered injuries

· Defense costs

· Coverage conditions and supplementary payments

· Did you have difficulty finding some of the sections? Would this be a policy that you would consider purchasing for your own liability coverage? Why or why not?

YOU BE THE JUDGE During an unexpected heat wave, the administrator of a nursing home decided against turning on the air conditioner, which resulted in the death of four of the residents of the home. One of the deceased resident’s daughters brought a lawsuit against the home for a wrongful death suit. She was awarded a judgment of $275,000. She then filed a second lawsuit against the nursing home’s insurance company to collect payment on the judgment. The insurance company refused to pay, stating that the judgment underlying the lawsuit was professional liability and the insurance company did not cover the nursing home for professional judgment. The nursing home then filed a lawsuit against the insurance company for payment of this judgment. QUESTIONS 1. What provisions of an insurance policy would you consult to determine whether an insurance company should pay such a claim and what would the limits of the liability be? 2. Is the nursing home insurance company correct in saying that this is a professional judgment issue? 3. Which insurance company (the nursing home’s or the administrator of the nursing home, assuming she has coverage) should pay the court-ordered judgment? 4. How would you decide the case?

Guido, Ginny Wacker, JD, MSN, RN. Legal and Ethical Issues in Nursing (Legal Issues in Nursing ( Guido)) (p. 198). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.