Develop a searchable question using the PICOT format. (The question is a single statement identifying the components of PICOT.)
Refer to \”Developing a Question\” and \”Topic 1: Checklist.\”
Prepare for the capstone project by listening to the audio interview, \”Capstone: Planning Your Project\”.
Preview and utilize the \”Topic 1 Checklist.\” This resource will assist you in organizing your work and will provide additional information regarding the assignment.
Recall the components of PICOT from your research course:
(P) Population of Focus
(I) Intervention
(C) Comparison
(O) Outcome
(T) Time
Identify each of the components in relation to your topic.
P –
I –
C –
O –
Then, develop a PICO question/statement.
Examples of PICO questions/statements:
In adult cardiac surgery patients experiencing post-operative pain (P) immediately following surgery (P), is morphine (I) or fentanyl (C), administered intravenously, more effective in reducing postoperative pain (O)?
For immune-compromised patients, 50 years and older (P), does the use of pneumonia vaccine (I) reduce the future risk of pneumonia (O) compared with patients who have not received the vaccine (C)?
Consider the clinical environment in which you are currently working or have recently worked. Collaborate with a leader or educator in the clinical environment to identify a problem, issue, or educational deficit upon which to build a proposal for change.
In a paper of no more than 800 words, describe the nature of the problem, issue, or educational deficit. Include the following in your discussion:
1. The setting and/or context in which the problem, issue, or educational deficit can be observed.
2. Detailed description of the problem, issue, or educational deficit.
3. Impact of the problem, issue, or educational deficit on the work environment, the quality of care provided by staff, and patient outcomes.
4. Gravity of the problem, issue, or educational deficit and its significance to nursing.
5. Proposed solution to address the problem, issue, or educational deficit.
Prepare for the capstone project by listening to the audio interview, \”Capstone: Planning Your Project\”, located athttp://lc.gcumedia.com/zwebassets/courseMaterialPages/nrs441v_capstone.php.
PICOT Question
Review \”Topic 1: Checklist.\” This resource will assist you in organizing your work and will provide additional information regarding the assignment.
Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin.
Locate a minimum of 15 peer-reviewed articles that describe the problem or issue and that support the proposed solution. Eight of the 15 articles must be research-based (e.g., a study which is qualitative, quantitative, descriptive, or longitudinal).
Hint: Begin your search for literature by utilizing the databases located in the GCU Library. Contact your faculty member, the librarian, or library staff for additional researching tips and key word suggestions.
Preview each of the 15 articles chosen by reading the article abstracts and summaries.
Hint: Article abstracts and summaries provide a concise description of the topic, research outcomes, and significance of findings.
Hint: Refer to \”RefWorks\” and \”Topic 1: Checklist.\”
Perform a rapid appraisal of each article by answering the following questions (one to two sentences are sufficient to answer each question):
1. How does each article describe the nature of the problem, issue, or deficit you have identified?
2. Does each article provide statistical information to demonstrate the gravity of the issue, problem, or deficit?
3. What are example(s) of morbidity, mortality, and rate of incidence or rate of occurrence in the general population?
4. Does each article support your proposed change?
Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin.
Week 2:
Identify a theory that can be used to support your proposed solution.
Write a summary (250-500 words) in which you:
1. Describe the theory and your rationale for selecting the theory.
2. Discuss how the theory works to support your proposed solution.
3. Explain how you will incorporate the theory into your project.
Refer to the \”Topic 2: Checklist.\”
Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin.
Write a paper (1,500-2,000 words) in which you analyze and appraise each of the (15) articles identified in Topic 1. Pay particular attention to evidence that supports the problem, issue, or deficit, and your proposed solution.
Hint: The Topic 2 readings provide appraisal questions that will assist you to efficiently and effectively analyze each article.
Refer to \”Sample Format for Review of Literature,\” \”RefWorks,\” and \”Topic 2: Checklist.\”
Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
Week 3:
Consider the population in which the solution is intended, the staff that will participate, and the key contributors that must provide approval and/or support for your project to be implemented. These stakeholders are considered your audience.
Develop an implementation plan (1,500-2,000 words) using the \”Topic 3: Checklist\” resource. The elements that should be included in your plan are listed below:
1. Method of obtaining necessary approval(s) and securing support from your organization\’s leadership and fellow staff.
2. Description of current problem, issue, or deficit requiring a change. Hint: If you are proposing a change in current policy, process, or procedure(s) when delivering patient care, describe first the current policy, process, or procedure as a baseline for comparison.
3. Detailed explanation of proposed solution (new policy, process, procedure, or education to address the problem/deficit).
4. Rationale for selecting proposed solution.
5. Evidence from your Review of Literature in Topic 2 to support your proposed solution and reason for change.
6. Description of implementation logistics (When and how will the change be integrated into the current organizational structure, culture, and workflow? Who will be responsible for initiating the change, educating staff, and overseeing the implementation process?)
7. Resources required for implementation: staff; educational materials (pamphlets, handouts, posters, and PowerPoint presentations); assessment tools (questionnaires, surveys, pre- and post-tests to assess knowledge of participants at baseline and after intervention); technology (technology or software needs); funds (cost of educating staff, printing or producing educational materials, gathering and analyzing data before, during, and following implementation), and staff to initiate, oversee, and evaluate change.
Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
Week 4:
Using 800-1,000 words, discuss methods to evaluate the effectiveness of your proposed solution and variables to be assessed when evaluating project outcomes.
Example: If you are proposing a new staffing matrix that is intended to reduce nurse turnover, improve nursing staff satisfaction, and positively impact overall delivery of care, you may decide the following methods and variables are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of your proposed solution:
Methods:
1. Survey of staff attitudes and contributors to job satisfaction and dissatisfaction before and after initiating change.
2. Obtain turnover rates before and after initiating change.
3. Compare patient discharge surveys before change and after initiation of change.
Variables:
1. Staff attitudes and perceptions.
2. Patient attitudes and perceptions.
3. Rate of nursing staff turnover.
Develop the tools necessary to educate project participants and to evaluate project outcomes (surveys, questionnaires, teaching materials, PowerPoint slides, etc.).
Refer to the \”Topic 4: Checklist.\”
Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
Using 250-500 words, summarize your strategy for disseminating the results of the project to key stakeholders and to the greater nursing community.
Refer to the \”Topic 4: Checklist.\”
Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
, this is a research paper and this is all the information that is required in this research paper
Week 1 assignment is due February 15th
Week 2 assignment is due February 22nd
Week 3 assignment is due March 1st
Week 4 assignment is due March 8th
Nursing Research: Developing a Researchable Question
(Course Instructor)
Grand Canyon University
(Student’s Name)
February 13, 2015.
PICOT Question Format
Introduction
The main purpose of conducting a research is to solve a specific problem in question, (Boswell, Boswell & Cannon, 2014). However, it is important that the research problem is the one, which is researchable and supported by available data, (Chudleigh & Riding, 2014). Sometimes a research problem may not be researchable and thus can be deemed as inappropriate. Many factors influence the choice of a research problem and these include ethics, morals and variables, (Carman et al., 2013). In order for one to have a researchable study problem, the research question should have variables, which are measurable and should be defined clearly, (Bonsall, 2012). However, the measurability of the variables may not be necessary in qualitative research, as it is more of a descriptive study. In order to develop a researchable research problem a PICOT format is used, (Rios, Ye & Thabane, 2010).
PICOT Analysis
A Picot format is a framework that is used in the development of focused clinical questions, (Rios, Ye & Thabane, 2010). It is an important effective format for creating a summary of research questions, (Napavalley.edu, 2015). PICOT Question is a short form for:
P – Stands for Population, Which constitutes the population from which the study will draw samples
I – intervention, treatment that the subjects shall receive
C – Comparison, refers to what the study shall draw as reference
O – Outcome, refer to the results to be measured in order to measure the effectiveness of the chosen interventions.
T – Time, refer to the time it would take to conduct the study
Researchable Question
In girls aged 9-13 years, how does the use of cervical cancer vaccine, compared to not using the vaccine, influence their risks of developing cervical cancer during their early ages? The PICOT elements concerning the researchable problem are P – Girls aged 9-13 years, I- Use of cervical cancer vaccine, C – not using the cervical cancer vaccine, O – Risks of developing cervical cancer, T – Early ages.
Nature of the Problem
Cervical cancer is a cancer that develops during early stages and affects the cervix of the patient, (Hirschmann, 2010). Cervical cancer may not have symptoms in its early stages of infection. However, the symptoms may occur in form of minimal bleeding that can be observed after sex, between periods or after menopause, (Webmd.com, 2015). Cervical cancer is common among the females although it affects men. The chances in developing a cervical cancer can be reduced if girls are vaccinated before they reach sexual maturity.
Description of the Problem
Majority of cervical cancer cases are caused by a virus called human papillomavirus (HPV), (Krueger, 2010). Although there are over 100 strains of HPV, only two strains are known to trigger cervical cancer. HPV- 16 and HPV-18 are the two known strains that when they attack the cervix during sexual contact, can attack cervical cells and trigger development of cancer. Cervical cancer has symptoms, which are hard to notice and this makes it hard for the victims to know that they have developed the infection. Although uses of condoms have been noted to prevent infection against HPV, it however, cannot prevention cervical cancer infection.
Impact of the Problem: PICOT Question
Cervical cancer can cause many complications, which in addition to expensive treatment regime, may lead to surgery that can lead one to lose her womb. Severe cases can also lead to excessive bleeding and kidney failure. Early detection through screening can be helpful in detecting and early diagnosis of the disease, (Misiri, 2014). The chances of one developing cervical cancer can be reduced greatly by getting a HPV vaccine at an early age.
The inability to recognize the symptoms of cervical cancer makes it hard to diagnose, (Kmietowicz, 2014). The disease can be fatal depending on the stage to which it is discovered. The chances of survival under the different stages vary, being less than 20% at the fourth stage of the disease. The chance of survival at the early stage is 80%, whereas at stage two and three, the chances range between 30-90%, (Nhs.uk, 2015). These statistics shows the seriousness the disease poses in terms of the ability to detect and diagnose. Although it is a potential source of fatality, it can be prevented. If vaccination is effected at an early stage, it will lead to improvement of the quality of outcomes and removal of unnecessary surgical procedures and other diagnostic processes such as chemotherapy, which are often unpleasant, (Luciani, Prieto-Lara & Vicari, 2011).
PICOT Question
Gravity of the Problem Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. In the United States, screening is a routine and the cases of infections are minimal, (Smith, Brooks, Cokkinides, Saslow & Brawley, 2013). Despite the successes of the Pap tests, there are considerable numbers of women who suffer from the disease. According to cervical cancer statistics, in 2011, about 4,092 women died while 12,109 were infected with the disease, (Prevention, 2015). Therefore, in order to eradicate the disease, the marked success of HPV vaccine makes it the viable solution in curbing the spread of the disease PICOT Question…………………………………………………………………………………………………….GET THE COMPLETED ASSIGNMENT
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PICOT Question
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