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Evaluate trends of revenue sources and balances (funds, surpluses, deficits) and how they impact the government’s budget.

Instructions Part I This assignment is the first of a three-part process. Parts II and III will be completed in Units VII and VIII respectively. Using your favorite search engine, select a local government budget that has not filed a petition for bankruptcy. Evaluate the past three years of the selected government’s distribution of income. Develop an analysis including the following:
  • Evaluate trends of revenue sources and balances (funds, surpluses, deficits) and how they impact the government’s budget.
  • Evaluate ethical practices of financial policy on taxes, fees, and charges.
  • Assess internal/external opportunities and challenges of revenue sources.
Your report should consist of no less than two pages, and all sources utilized should be cited and referenced using APA style. Please ensure that you include a cover page and reference page. Remember that the cover page and reference page are not included in the page expectation.
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Internal Revenue Service (IRS)

Assume you are the partner in an accounting firm hired to perform the audit on a fortune 1000 company.  Assume also that the initial public offering (IPO) of the company was approximately five (5) years ago and the company is concerned that, in less than five (5) years after the IPO, a restatement may be necessary. During your initial evaluation of the client, you discover the following information:

The client is currently undergoing a three (3) year income tax examination by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). A significant issue involved in the IRS audit encompasses inventory write-downs on the tax returns that are not included in the financial statements. Because of the concealment of the transaction, the IRS is labeling the treatment of the write-down as fraud.
The company has a share-based compensation plan for top-level executives consisting of stock options. The value of the options exercised during the year was not expensed or disclosed in the financial statements.
The company has several operating and capital leases in place, and the CFO is considering leasing a substantial portion of the assets for future use. The current leases in place are arranged using special purpose entities (SPEs) and operating leases.
The company seeks to acquire a global partner, which will require IFRS reporting.
The company received correspondence from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requesting additional supplemental information regarding the financial statements submitted with the IPO.

Write an eight to ten (8-10) page paper in which you:

Evaluate any damaging financial and ethical repercussions of failure to include the inventory write-downs in the financial statements. Prepare a recommendation to the CFO, evaluating the negative impact of a civil fraud penalty on the corporation as a result of the IRS audit. In the recommendation, include essential internal control procedures to prevent fraudulent financial reporting from occurring, as well as the major obligation of the CEO and CFO to ensure compliance.
Examine the negative results on stakeholders and the financial statements of an IRS audit which generates additional tax and penalties or subsequent audits. Assume that the subsequent audit and / or additional tax and penalties result from the taxpayer’s use of an inventory reserve account, applying a 10 percent reduction to inventory over three (3) years.
Discuss the applicable federal tax laws, regulations, rulings, and court cases related to the inventory write-downs, and explain the specific relevance of each to the write-down.
Research the current generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) regarding stock option accounting. Evaluate the current treatment of the company’s share-based compensation plan based on GAAP reporting. Contrast the financial benefits and risks of the share-based compensation stock option plan with the financial benefits and risks of a share-based stock-appreciation rights plan (SARS). Recommend to the CFO which plan the company should use, and provide the correct accounting treatment for each.
Research the reporting requirements for lease reporting under GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Based on your research, create a proposal for future lease transactions to the CFO. Within the proposal, discuss the use of off-the-balance sheet financing arrangements, capital leases, and operating leases, and indicate the related business and financial risks of each.
Create an argument for or against a single set of international accounting standards related to lease accounting based on the global market and cross border leases of assets. Examine the benefits and risks of your chosen position.
Examine the major implications of SAS 99 based on the factors you discovered during the initial evaluation of the company. Provide support for your rationale.
Analyze the potential for a material misstatement in the financial statements based on the issues identified in your initial evaluation. Make a recommendation to the CFO for the issuance of        restated financial statement restatement. Identify at least three (3) significant issues that can result from the failure to issue restated financial statements.
Examine the economic effect of restatement of the financial statements on investors, employees, customers, and creditors.
Use five (5) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included    

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An Audit of the Financial Statements of a Fortune 1000 Company

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(Date)

An Audit of the Financial Statements of a Fortune 1000 Company

The Financial and Ethical Repercussions of non inclusion of Inventory Write-Downs in Financial Statements

            The errors that are discovered in the previous financial statements often require companies to make financial restatements. The generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, demand for financial restatement upon a proof of materiality. The inventory write-down to which the Fortune 1000 company in the case is under investigation is an example of an irregularity in the company’s financial statements, which warrants financial restatement. The failure by the Fortune 1000 company to include inventory write-downs on tax returns in the previous financial statements poses ethical and financial repercussions to the company.

According to (Skalak, Golden, Clayton & Pill, 2015) inventory write-downs must be charged on the company earnings and the same reflected in the income statement. Since the Fortune 1000 company failed in this respect, there was a possibility of overestimation of the company earnings persistence, which is a fraud that raises financial concerns. The overestimation of company earnings meant the company top executives were likely to be overcompensated, which negatively affects the company finances. In addition, it could lead to the loss of goodwill, credit rating, and investor confidence. The fraud penalties that come with lack of inclusion of inventory write-downs, the possible loss of investor confidence and goodwill, will negatively affect the company’s financial position.  For example, (Meade, 2013)  points that the restatement of financial statement of Enron led to drop in the company stock prices, reduced credit rating, losses in the following financial year, and finally a collapse of the company.

The ethical concerns inventory write-downs on tax returns that were not in the previous financial statements include the erosion of trust from the stakeholders and shareholders. There will be a reduction in the belief of the company accountants and auditors on their role as the custodians of the company finances. The failure to include inventory write-downs is unethical as the company will be deemed not to be acting in the best interests of the stakeholder interest. This could negatively affect the financial position of the company in the long-term.             As partner in an accounting firm selected to audit the 1000 Fortune Company, I would recommend to the company CFO to put in place effective……………………………………………………………………………………………………

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The Revenue Cycle of XYZ Limited

 Assessment Title: Analysing an Accounting Information SystemASSIGNMENT DETAILS
The Revenue Cycle of XYZ Limited.
After finishing your Master of Professional Accounting, you started your accounting consultancy in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. You got a high distinction in Strategic Information System and preferred to analyse the business processes, risks and internal controls. XYZ is one of your clients, and the CEO of XYZ is delighted with your services.1 The head of the accounting department is concerned about their revenue cycle. Therefore, he has recently contacted you to evaluate their revenue cycle. During the initial meeting, you elaborate him that conceptually, the revenue cycle is a recurring set of business activities and related data processing operations associated with providing goods and services to customers and collecting their cash payments. This definition reveals that the revenue cycle can be categorised into (1) sales order processing procedures (SOPP), and (2) cash receipts procedures (CRP). The SOPP and CRP of XYZ are elaborated below. Therefore, you requested the head of the accounting department to describe the SOPP and the CRP of XYZ Limited separately. This description is given below.
SOPP of XYZ Limited
The sales department receives the unstandardised sales order since customer orders are mailed, e-mailed or faxed to the sales department. The sales clerk first converts the unstandardised sales order into the standardised sales order. For this purpose, the sales representative requests the missing information, if any. When the order is received, the sales clerk checks the customer’s creditworthiness of the customer from his computer terminal. Three years ago, the sales clerk requested the accounting department to provide him with a list of customers whose account receivables are written off. The sales clerk is still using this information to check the creditworthiness of the customers. The sales clerk is using the same procedure to check the creditworthiness of the new customers.
The customer’s order is rejected if the customer’s credit is not verified. The sales order processing is started after the credit verification. In particular, the sales clerk records the approved standardised sales order in the sales order system through his computer terminal. A digital copy of the order is distributed to the warehouse and the shipping department terminals for further processing. The computer system automatically records the sale in the sales journal. The clerk reviews this entry and files the hard copy of the customer order in the sales department.
1 XYZ is a wholesaler of rafting and camping equipment that serves outdoor sports camping retailers throughout the Queensland.
As indicated above, the receipt of the digital sales order prompts on the computer terminal of the warehouse manager. Further, the stock release and the shipping notice are also accessible at the warehouse terminal. For further processing, the warehouse manager prints out the sales order, the stock release, and the shipping notice. Using the stock release copy, a warehouse clerk picks the selected items from the shelves and sends them to the shipping department along with the stock release and the shipping notice. The warehouse manager then updates the inventory subsidiary ledger and the general ledger control account from his computer terminal.
The shipping clerk receives the physical stock, the stock release, and the shipping notice from the warehouse manager. The shipping clerk matches them to the corresponding digital sales order displayed on his terminal. If everything matches, he prints out three hard copies of the bill of lading and a packing slip. The shipping clerk sends two copies of the bill of lading and the packing slip, along with the goods, to the carrier. The stock release copy and the shipping notice are sent to the accounts receivable department. The third bill of lading copy is filed in the shipping department.
Account receivable clerk receives the stock release and shipping notice from the shipping clerk. Then, the accounts receivable clerk manually creates a hard-copy invoice, which is immediately mailed to the customer. After mailing the invoice, the clerk uses information on the stock release to update the accounts receivable subsidiary ledger and general ledger from his computer terminal. After the records are updated, the clerk files the stock release and shipping notice in the accounts receivable department. Sometimes, the account receivable clerk reconciles the quantities from the sales order and adjusts the account receivables.
CRP of XYZ Limited
The payments of customers come directly to the general mailroom along with other mail items. The mail clerk performs the following tasks:
• Sorts the mail,
• Opens the customer payment envelope,
• Removes the customer’s check and remittance advice, and
• Reconciles the two documents.
To control the checks and remittance advices, the clerk manually prepares two hard copies of a remittance list. He sends one copy to the accounts receivable department, along with the corresponding remittance advices. The other copy of the remittance list accompanies the checks to the cash receipts department. Once the checks and remittance list arrive in the cash receipts department, the treasurer performs the following tasks:
• Reconciles the documents,
• Endorses the checks,
• Manually prepares three hard copies of a deposit slip,
• Updates the cash receipts journal and the general ledger from his computer terminal,
• Sends the checks and two copies of the deposit slip to the bank, and
• Files the third copy of the deposit slip and the remittance in the department.
The accounts receivable clerk receives the remittance list and remittance advice from the mailroom and reconciles these two documents. He then updates the accounts receivable subsidiary ledger and the general ledger. Then, account receivable files the two documents in the department.
Required
Based on the above information, prepare a report for the CEO of XYZ Limited to evaluate their revenue cycle. In your report, you need to include the following items:
1. The CEO asks you to start the report from five general risks involved in the revenue cycle of any business. Further, indicate the physical and IT control against each risk.
2. Describe potential internal control weaknesses in the sales order processing procedures and cash receipts procedures of XYZ Limited.
3. Discuss the potential risks associated with the internal control weaknesses identified in Section (2) above.
4. Based on Section (3) above, what types are frauds are possible. Hint: we have discussed different types of frauds in the interactive tutorial and lectures. Your discussion should be based on these contents.
ASSIGNMENT STRUCTURE
• Reference sources must be cited in the text of the report and listed appropriately at the end in a reference list using Harvard referencing style.
• Include a minimum of ten (10) references, at least five (5) from peer-reviewed journal relevant to the unit.
Word limit: 2000 words
The report should include the following components.
1. Executive Summary
The executive summary should be concise and not involve too much detail. It should make commentary on the main points only and follow the sequence of the report. Write the executive summary after the report is completed, and once you have an overview of the whole text.
2. Table of Contents
This needs to show a logical listing of all the sub-headings of the report’s contents. Note this is excluded from the total word count.
3. Introduction
Typically, the introduction is a short paragraph which includes background, scope and the main points raised in the order of importance. There should be a brief conclusion statement at the end of the introduction.
4. Main Body Paragraphs with Numbered Sub-headings
This section contains the detailed information which elaborates on the main points raised in the introduction. Each paragraph should begin with an exact topic sentence, then supporting
sentences with facts and evidence obtained from research and finish with a concluding sentence at the end.
5. Conclusion
This section contains a logical and coherent evaluation based on a thorough and objective assessment of the research performed.
6. Appendices
This section includes any additional explanatory information which is supplementary and/or graphical to help communicate the main ideas made in the report. Refer to the appendices in the main body paragraphs, as and where appropriate. (Note this is excluded from the total word count.)
Note: The report should be grounded on relevant literature, and all references must be cited appropriately and included in the reference list.
Marking Criteria
Weighting in
Marking criteria
Total Grades
The general risks involved in the revenue cycle, and the physical and
4%
IT controls against each risk.
The potential internal control weaknesses in the SOPP and CRP of XYZ
4%
Limited.
The potential risks associated with the internal control weaknesses in
4%
the SOPP and CRP of XYZ Limited.
The potential frauds in the SOPP and CRP of XYZ Limited. 4%
Presentation and Referencing. 4%
TOTAL Weight 20%
Marking Rubric
Excellent Very Good Good Satisfactory Unsatisfactory
(80-100%) (70-79%) (60-69%) (50-59%) (0-49%)
The general risks Present an excellent Present a very good Present a good Present a reasonable Present a weak or
involved in the discussion on the discussion on the discussion on the discussion on the inadequate discussion
revenue cycle, and the general risks involved general risks involved general risks involved general risks involved on the general risks
physical and IT in the revenue cycle, in the revenue cycle, in the revenue cycle, in the revenue cycle, involved in the
controls against each and the physical and and the physical and and the physical and and the physical and revenue cycle, and the
risk. [4 Marks] IT controls against IT controls against IT controls against IT controls against physical and IT
each risk. each risk. each risk. each risk. controls against each
risk.
The potential internal Correctly identify all Correctly identify most Correctly identify Correctly identify one Fail to identify the
control weaknesses in the potential internal of the potential some of the potential to two potential potential internal
the SOPP and CRP of control weaknesses in internal control internal control internal control control weaknesses in
XYZ Limited. [4 the SOPP and CRP of weaknesses in the weaknesses in the weaknesses in the the SOPP and CRP of
Marks] XYZ Limited. SOPP and CRP of XYZ SOPP and CRP of XYZ SOPP and CRP of XYZ XYZ Limited.
Limited. Limited. Limited.
The potential risks Correctly identify all Correctly identify most Correctly identify Correctly identify one Fail to identify the
associated with the the potential risks of the potential risks some of the potential to two potential risks potential risks
internal control associated with the associated with the risks associated with associated with the associated with the
weaknesses in the internal control internal control the internal control internal control internal control
SOPP and CRP of XYZ weaknesses in the weaknesses in the weaknesses in the weaknesses in the weaknesses in the
Limited. [4 Marks] SOPP and CRP of XYZ SOPP and CRP of XYZ SOPP and CRP of XYZ SOPP and CRP of XYZ SOPP and CRP of XYZ
Limited. Limited. Limited. Limited. Limited.
The frauds possible in Correctly identify all Correctly identify most Correctly identify Correctly identify one Fail to identify the
the SOPP and CRP of the frauds possible in of the frauds possible some of the frauds to two frauds possible frauds possible in the
XYZ Limited. [4 the SOPP and CRP of in the SOPP and CRP possible in the SOPP in the SOPP and CRP SOPP and CRP of XYZ
Marks] XYZ Limited. of XYZ Limited. and CRP of XYZ of XYZ Limited. Limited.
Limited.
Presentation and An extensive amount A broad range of An adequate range of An adequate range of Little or no peer-
Referencing. [4 Marks] of high-quality quality peer-reviewed peer-reviewed journal peer-reviewed journal reviewed journal
evidence from peer- journal references and references was references was references were
reviewed journal other sources was included and used to included and used to a included, and these
articles and other included and used support discussion. basic extent to support were rarely used to
sources was included effectively to support discussion. support discussion
and used effectively to discussion. effectively.
support discussion
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