Tag: warfare

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SACR-3170. Humanitarianism and Counterinsurgency Warfare

Humanitarianism and counterinsurgency warfare are two sides of the same coin in the post-Cold War global security paradigm. This course will examine how each became pillars of that paradigm: humanitarianism as the ostensible commitment to save the victims of natural and political disasters worldwide; and counterinsurgency warfare as the strategy both to eliminate criminal and terrorist networks that challenge the legitimacy of the inter-state system and to “win the hearts and minds” of local populations whom they threaten. In that context, the course will investigate responses to armed insurrections as well as natural disasters, epidemics, and acute famines that, today, combine humanitarian with militarized responses. The course will also consider how humanitarianism and counterinsurgency warfare draw heavily on academic expertise (e.g. anthropology, sociology, criminology, geography, history, political science, religious studies, and psychology), thus inviting the controversial issue of the relationship between the scholar, the university, and the security apparatus. (Prerequisite: semester 5 standing).

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Principles of warfare used by Mao Zedong

Write a 1-2 page paper in APA format with sources cited from your readings that answers the following question:
What are the principles of warfare used by Mao Zedong? Would those principles have worked against, for example, William T. Sherman in his March to the Sea discussed in the last module?   References

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History: Principles of War

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The Principles of Warfare Used by Mao Zedong

            The Chinese Nationalist party was against the communists and in 1927; the party started the evacuation of the communists (Kampen, 2000). The campaign almost led to the complete eradication of the communists if it was not to the efforts of Mao Zedong. Mao Zedong created an army that was loved by many people. He developed innovative decisions in the battlefield that ensured his army prevailed against the well organized and large armed forces of the government. He used organized, consolidated and preserved base areas in difficult and isolated terrain in guerilla warfare. In order to destroy the government army, which was well equipped than his, he employed progressive expansion where his army could attack and terrorize isolated army units in order to obtain arms.

            However, Sherman used total warfare as his strategy, where he declared total war against the confederate populations in order to subject psychological war on the people (History.com, 2010). Sherman believed that by declaring war on the people, the confederate army and its supporters could be brought into their knees. In addition, Sherman wanted to inflict pain to the supporters of the confederate army so that they could feel the pain of war and learn to support peace in order to end the civil war in the United States. His strategies succeeded and the civil war ended in the country.

Whether Mao Zedong’s Principles Would have Worked against those of William T. Sherman in his March to the Sea          It is with no doubt that if Mao Zedong commanded the confederate army, he could have prevailed and defeated them. Mao’s Red Army had inferior weapons compared to the KMT army, yet with unconventional methods, he was able to defeat large and organized Nationalist army. Zedong would use local peasants as his spies and that would allow him to move his army quickly at night and know the location of his enemy. While luring the KMT into terrain that was friendly to him, he would attack the rear of the KMT and vanish to the countryside. On the other hand, Sherman’s army had sup………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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Jus in bello orbit is Drone Warfare or Targeted Killing

Another matter that contemporary life might draw into the Jus in bello orbit is Drone Warfare or Targeted Killing.  No longer the domain of science fiction, targeted killing is already within developed countries’ capabilities.  Always in the vanguard of reality (and ethical thinking), the Star Trek universe foreshadowed humanity’s genius for self-extinction.  The Original Series episode (#23) “A Taste of Armageddon” gives us a sense of how future war can be unbloody yet ‘civilized’ (easily Googled, by the way).

Any ethical valuation will certainly refer to the usual Utilitarian vs Deontological perspectives.  But not much has been written and circulated.  An additional light on the subject might be shed by Virtue Ethics (Module 8 in our Canvas postings).  Maybe “What should we do” might be complemented  by “What kind of people should we be?”  If widening the circle of affected persons says something about torture, might the same widening be effective regarding targeted killing?

Possible questions:

  • Are our moral imaginations entranced by a paradigm of efficiency, low risk, and success?
  • Have we settled for managing the conflict by focusing on military security, while lessening attention on human security that addressed the needs of people caught in the conflict?
  • Should drone attacks be the default choice?
  • What kind of people are we becoming through the wars we prosecute and the violence we inflict?

Assignment:  Watch:  “Eye in the Sky” (2015).

Essay:  Given the above material and your viewing the movie, How would you morally evaluate drone warfare (targeted killing)?  [I’m looking for a thoughtful, reflective essay]